2 Samuel 13WEB
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2 Samuel13

World English Bible · Public Domain

1After this, Absalom the son of David had a beautiful sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.

2Amnon was so troubled that he became sick because of his sister Tamar, for she was a virgin, and it seemed hard to Amnon to do anything to her.

3But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab the son of Shimeah, David’s brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man.

4He said to him, “Why, son of the king, are you so sad from day to day? Won’t you tell me?” Amnon said to him, “I love Tamar, my brother Absalom’s sister.”

5Jonadab said to him, “Lay down on your bed and pretend to be sick. When your father comes to see you, tell him, ‘Please let my sister Tamar come and give me bread to eat, and prepare the food in my sight, that I may see it and eat it from her hand.’”

6So Amnon lay down and faked being sick. When the king came to see him, Amnon said to the king, “Please let my sister Tamar come and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, that I may eat from her hand.”

7Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, “Go now to your brother Amnon’s house, and prepare food for him.”

8So Tamar went to her brother Amnon’s house; and he was lying down. She took dough, kneaded it, made cakes in his sight, and baked the cakes.

9She took the pan and poured them out before him, but he refused to eat. Amnon said, “Have all men leave me.” Then every man went out from him.

10Amnon said to Tamar, “Bring the food into the room, that I may eat from your hand.” Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them into the room to Amnon her brother.

11When she had brought them near to him to eat, he took hold of her and said to her, “Come, lie with me, my sister!”

12She answered him, “No, my brother, do not force me! For no such thing ought to be done in Israel. Don’t you do this folly!

13As for me, where would I carry my shame? And as for you, you will be as one of the fools in Israel. Now therefore, please speak to the king; for he will not withhold me from you.”

14However, he would not listen to her voice; but being stronger than she, he forced her and lay with her.

15Then Amnon hated her with exceedingly great hatred; for the hatred with which he hated her was greater than the love with which he had loved her. Amnon said to her, “Arise, be gone!”

16She said to him, “Not so, because this great wrong in sending me away is worse than the other that you did to me!” But he would not listen to her.

17Then he called his servant who ministered to him, and said, “Now put this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her.”

18She had a garment of various colors on her, for the king’s daughters who were virgins dressed in such robes. Then his servant brought her out and bolted the door after her.

19Tamar put ashes on her head, and tore her garment of various colors that was on her; and she laid her hand on her head and went her way, crying aloud as she went.

20Absalom her brother said to her, “Has Amnon your brother been with you? But now hold your peace, my sister. He is your brother. Don’t take this thing to heart.” So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom’s house.

21But when King David heard of all these things, he was very angry.

22Absalom spoke to Amnon neither good nor bad; for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.

23After two full years, Absalom had sheep shearers in Baal Hazor, which is beside Ephraim; and Absalom invited all the king’s sons.

24Absalom came to the king and said, “See now, your servant has sheep shearers. Please let the king and his servants go with your servant.”

25The king said to Absalom, “No, my son, let’s not all go, lest we be burdensome to you.” He pressed him; however he would not go, but blessed him.

26Then Absalom said, “If not, please let my brother Amnon go with us.” The king said to him, “Why should he go with you?”

27But Absalom pressed him, and he let Amnon and all the king’s sons go with him.

28Absalom commanded his servants, saying, “Mark now, when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine; and when I tell you, ‘Strike Amnon,’ then kill him. Don’t be afraid. Haven’t I commanded you? Be courageous, and be valiant!”

29The servants of Absalom did to Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king’s sons arose, and every man got up on his mule and fled.

30While they were on the way, the news came to David, saying, “Absalom has slain all the king’s sons, and there is not one of them left!”

31Then the king arose, and tore his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes torn.

32Jonadab the son of Shimeah, David’s brother, answered, “Don’t let my lord suppose that they have killed all the young men, the king’s sons, for Amnon only is dead; for by the appointment of Absalom this has been determined from the day that he forced his sister Tamar.

33Now therefore don’t let my lord the king take the thing to his heart, to think that all the king’s sons are dead; for only Amnon is dead.”

34But Absalom fled. The young man who kept the watch lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, many people were coming by way of the hillside behind him.

35Jonadab said to the king, “Behold, the king’s sons are coming! It is as your servant said.”

36As soon as he had finished speaking, behold, the king’s sons came, and lifted up their voices and wept. The king also and all his servants wept bitterly.

37But Absalom fled and went to Talmai the son of Ammihur, king of Geshur. David mourned for his son every day.

38So Absalom fled and went to Geshur, and was there three years.

39King David longed to go out to Absalom, for he was comforted concerning Amnon, since he was dead.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 13.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ammon's violence to his sister. (1–20). Absalom murders his brother Ammon. (21–29). David's grief, Absalom flees to Geshur. (30–39).

vv1-20

From henceforward David was followed with one trouble after another. Adultery and murder were David's sins, the like sins among his children were the beginnings of his punishment: he was too indulgent to his children. Thus David might trace the sins of his children to his own misconduct, which must have made the anguish of the chastisement worse. Let no one ever expect good treatment from those who are capable of attempting their seduction; but it is better to suffer the greatest wrong than to commit the least sin.

vv21-29

Observe the aggravations of Absalom's sin: he would have Ammon slain, when least fit to go out of the world. He engaged his servants in the guilt. Those servants are ill-taught who obey wicked masters, against God's commands. Indulged children always prove crosses to godly parents, whose foolish love leads them to neglect their duty to God.

vv30-39

Jonadab was as guilty of Ammon's death, as of his sin; such false friends do they prove, who counsel us to do wickedly. Instead of loathing Absalom as a murderer, David, after a time, longed to go forth to him. This was David's infirmity: God saw something in his heart that made a difference, else we should have thought that he, as much as Eli, honoured his sons more than God.

Cross References

2 Samuel 13
v212 Samuel 12:10fulfillment

Fulfills Nathan's prophecy that the sword would never depart from David's house because of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v12 Samuel 3:3thematic

Establishes parentage: Absalom and Tamar were children of Maachah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Leviticus 18:11thematic

The Mosaic law explicitly forbids sexual relations with a half-sister or stepsister.

Supported by JFB

v31 Samuel 16:9thematic

Identifies Shimeah (Shammah) as David's brother, making Jonadab a first cousin to Amnon and Absalom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Genesis 34:7thematic

Echoes 'folly in Israel' from Shechem's rape of Dinah; represents a grave violation of covenant holiness.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Genesis 20:12thematic

Tamar's appeal reflects Abraham's historical precedent of marrying his half-sister Sarah.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 37:3thematic

Parallels the 'garment of divers colours' worn by royal virgins, evoking Joseph's distinctive tunic.

Supported by JFB

v211 Samuel 2:22-25thematic

Parallels Eli's weak parental response to his sons' sins, leading to judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v281 Samuel 25:36thematic

Amnon's murder while 'merry with wine' at a feast parallels Nabal's vulnerable, drunken state.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v392 Samuel 14:1thematic

Continues the narrative of David's heart leaning toward the exiled Absalom, leading to Joab's intervention.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Genesis 27:41thematic

Absalom's silent, nursing hatred of his brother Amnon resembles Esau's vow to murder Jacob.

Supported by JFB

v22Proverbs 26:24thematic

Highlights Absalom's dissimulation, concealing deep hatred behind long silence and normal interactions.

Supported by JFB

v231 Samuel 25:2thematic

Illustrates sheep-shearing as a festive time of hospitality, which Absalom weaponized for murder.

Supported by JFB

v282 Samuel 11:15thematic

Absalom's command to kill his brother mirrors David's written order to have Uriah killed.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v322 Samuel 13:3-5thematic

Jonadab's knowledge of the plot reveals his original role as Amnon's subtle advisor.

Supported by Matthew Poole