2 Samuel 21NIV
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2 Samuel21

New International Version

1During the reign of David, there was a famine for three successive years; so David sought the face of the Lord. The Lord said, “It is on account of Saul and his blood-stained house; it is because he put the Gibeonites to death.”

2The king summoned the Gibeonites and spoke to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not a part of Israel but were survivors of the Amorites; the Israelites had sworn to spare them, but Saul in his zeal for Israel and Judah had tried to annihilate them.)

3David asked the Gibeonites, “What shall I do for you? How shall I make atonement so that you will bless the Lord’s inheritance?”

4The Gibeonites answered him, “We have no right to demand silver or gold from Saul or his family, nor do we have the right to put anyone in Israel to death.” “What do you want me to do for you?” David asked.

5They answered the king, “As for the man who destroyed us and plotted against us so that we have been decimated and have no place anywhere in Israel,

6let seven of his male descendants be given to us to be killed and their bodies exposed before the Lord at Gibeah of Saul—the Lord’s chosen one.” So the king said, “I will give them to you.”

7The king spared Mephibosheth son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the oath before the Lord between David and Jonathan son of Saul.

8But the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Aiah’s daughter Rizpah, whom she had borne to Saul, together with the five sons of Saul’s daughter Merab, whom she had borne to Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

9He handed them over to the Gibeonites, who killed them and exposed their bodies on a hill before the Lord. All seven of them fell together; they were put to death during the first days of the harvest, just as the barley harvest was beginning.

10Rizpah daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest till the rain poured down from the heavens on the bodies, she did not let the birds touch them by day or the wild animals by night.

11When David was told what Aiah’s daughter Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, had done,

12he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from the citizens of Jabesh Gilead. (They had stolen their bodies from the public square at Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hung them after they struck Saul down on Gilboa.)

13David brought the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from there, and the bones of those who had been killed and exposed were gathered up.

14They buried the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan in the tomb of Saul’s father Kish, at Zela in Benjamin, and did everything the king commanded. After that, God answered prayer in behalf of the land.

15Once again there was a battle between the Philistines and Israel. David went down with his men to fight against the Philistines, and he became exhausted.

16And Ishbi-Benob, one of the descendants of Rapha, whose bronze spearhead weighed three hundred shekels and who was armed with a new sword, said he would kill David.

17But Abishai son of Zeruiah came to David’s rescue; he struck the Philistine down and killed him. Then David’s men swore to him, saying, “Never again will you go out with us to battle, so that the lamp of Israel will not be extinguished.”

18In the course of time, there was another battle with the Philistines, at Gob. At that time Sibbekai the Hushathite killed Saph, one of the descendants of Rapha.

19In another battle with the Philistines at Gob, Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, who had a spear with a shaft like a weaver’s rod.

20In still another battle, which took place at Gath, there was a huge man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all. He also was descended from Rapha.

21When he taunted Israel, Jonathan son of Shimeah, David’s brother, killed him.

22These four were descendants of Rapha in Gath, and they fell at the hands of David and his men.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Gibeonites avenged. (1–9). Rizpah's care for the bodies of Saul's descendants. (10–14). Battles with the Philistines. (15–22).

vv1-9

Every affliction arises from sin, and should lead us to repent and humble ourselves before God; but some troubles especially show that they are sent to bring sin to remembrance. God's judgments often look a great way back, which requires us to do so, when we are under his rebukes. It is not for us to object against the people's smarting for the sin of their king; perhaps they helped him. Nor against this generation suffering for the sin of the last. God often visits the sins of the fathers upon the children, and he gives no account of any matters. Time does not wear out the guilt of sin; nor can we build hopes of escape upon the delay of judgments. If we cannot understand all the reasons of Providence in this matter, still we have no right to demand that God should acquaint us with those reasons. It must be right, because it is the will of God, and in the end it will be proved to be so. Money is no satisfaction for blood. It should seem, Saul's posterity trod in his steps, for it is called a bloody house. It was the spirit of the family, therefore they are justly reckoned with for his sin, as well as for their own. The Gibeonites did not require this out of malice against Saul or his family. It was not to gratify any revenge, but for the public good. They were put to death at the beginning of harvest; they were thus sacrificed to turn away the wrath of Almighty God, who had withheld the harvest-mercies for some years past, and to obtain his favour in the present harvest. In vain do we expect mercy from God, unless we do justice upon our sins. Executions must not be thought cruel, which are for the public welfare.

vv10-14

That a guilty land should enjoy many years of plenty, calls for gratitude; and we need not wonder misused abundance should be punished with scarcity; yet how few are disposed to ask of the Lord concerning the sinful cause, while numbers search for the second causes by which he is pleased to work! But the Lord will plead the cause of those who cannot or will not avenge themselves; and the prayers of the poor are of great power. When God sent rain to water the earth, these bodies were buried, for then it appeared that God was entreated for the land. When justice is done on earth, vengeance from heaven ceases. God is pacified, and is entreated for us through Christ, who was hanged on a tree, and so made a curse for us, to do away our guilt, though he was himself guiltless.

vv15-22

These events seem to have taken place towards the end of David's reign. David fainted, but he did not flee, and God sent help in the time of need. In spiritual conflicts, even strong saints sometimes wax faint; then Satan attacks them furiously; but those who stand their ground and resist him, shall be relieved and made more than conquerors. Death is a Christian's last enemy, and a son of Anak; but through Him that triumphed for us, believers shall be more than conquerors at last, even over that enemy.

Cross References

2 Samuel 21
v1Joshua 9:3thematic

Identifies the Gibeonites whom Joshua spared, establishing the background covenant that Saul violated.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Joshua 9:15thematic

The solemn oath of peace and protection sworn to the Gibeonites by Israel's princes.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

The historical rescue of Saul and Jonathan's bodies from Beth-shan by the men of Jabesh-gilead.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 20:42thematic

The oath of perpetual friendship between David and Jonathan that spared Mephibosheth.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallel account of the battles with the giants (Rephaim) and Sibbecai slaying Saph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel record of Elhanan slaying the brother of Goliath the Gittite.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12 Samuel 16:8thematic

Shimei's accusation of bloodguiltiness against David, likely referring to Saul's executed descendants.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The law concerning hanging a body on a tree, showing the Gibeonites' divergent practice.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v81 Samuel 18:19thematic

Clarifies that Merab, wife of Adriel, was the sister of Michal who brought up the sons.

Supported by JFB

v142 Samuel 24:25thematic

The parallel phrase and concept where God was entreated for the land after judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Joshua 18:28thematic

Identifies Zelah as a city in Benjamin where Saul's family tomb was located.

Supported by JFB

v161 Samuel 17:4thematic

Compares Ishbi-benob's massive stature and weapons to those of Goliath of Gath.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel account of the battle in Gath with the giant of twenty-four digits.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v171 Kings 11:36allusion

Illuminates the metaphoric meaning of David being the 'light/lamp of Israel'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v211 Samuel 17:10thematic

Connects the giant defying Israel in battle with Goliath's defiance in 1 Samuel.

Supported by Matthew Poole