2 Samuel 21ASV
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2 Samuel21

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1And there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David sought the face of Jehovah. And Jehovah said, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put to death the Gibeonites.

2And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah);

3and David said unto the Gibeonites, What shall I do for you? and wherewith shall I make atonement, that ye may bless the inheritance of Jehovah?

4And the Gibeonites said unto him, It is no matter of silver or gold between us and Saul, or his house; neither is it for us to put any man to death in Israel. And he said, What ye shall say, that will I do for you.

5And they said unto the king, The man that consumed us, and that devised against us, that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the borders of Israel,

6let seven men of his sons be delivered unto us, and we will hang them up unto Jehovah in Gibeah of Saul, the chosen of Jehovah. And the king said, I will give them.

7But the king spared Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of Jehovah’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.

8But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bare unto Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bare to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite:

9and he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the mountain before Jehovah, and they fell all seven together. And they were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest.

10And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the heavens to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night.

11And it was told David what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

12And David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the street of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hanged them, in the day that the Philistines slew Saul in Gilboa;

13and he brought up from thence the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son: and they gathered the bones of them that were hanged.

14And they buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the sepulchre of Kish his father: and they performed all that the king commanded. And after that God was entreated for the land.

15And the Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. And David waxed faint;

16and Ishbi-benob, who was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David.

17But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succored him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel.

18And it came to pass after this, that there was again war with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbecai the Hushathite slew Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.

19And there was again war with the Philistines at Gob; and Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim the Beth-lehemite slew Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.

20And there was again war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant.

21And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, slew him.

22These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Gibeonites avenged. (1–9). Rizpah's care for the bodies of Saul's descendants. (10–14). Battles with the Philistines. (15–22).

vv1-9

Every affliction arises from sin, and should lead us to repent and humble ourselves before God; but some troubles especially show that they are sent to bring sin to remembrance. God's judgments often look a great way back, which requires us to do so, when we are under his rebukes. It is not for us to object against the people's smarting for the sin of their king; perhaps they helped him. Nor against this generation suffering for the sin of the last. God often visits the sins of the fathers upon the children, and he gives no account of any matters. Time does not wear out the guilt of sin; nor can we build hopes of escape upon the delay of judgments. If we cannot understand all the reasons of Providence in this matter, still we have no right to demand that God should acquaint us with those reasons. It must be right, because it is the will of God, and in the end it will be proved to be so. Money is no satisfaction for blood. It should seem, Saul's posterity trod in his steps, for it is called a bloody house. It was the spirit of the family, therefore they are justly reckoned with for his sin, as well as for their own. The Gibeonites did not require this out of malice against Saul or his family. It was not to gratify any revenge, but for the public good. They were put to death at the beginning of harvest; they were thus sacrificed to turn away the wrath of Almighty God, who had withheld the harvest-mercies for some years past, and to obtain his favour in the present harvest. In vain do we expect mercy from God, unless we do justice upon our sins. Executions must not be thought cruel, which are for the public welfare.

vv10-14

That a guilty land should enjoy many years of plenty, calls for gratitude; and we need not wonder misused abundance should be punished with scarcity; yet how few are disposed to ask of the Lord concerning the sinful cause, while numbers search for the second causes by which he is pleased to work! But the Lord will plead the cause of those who cannot or will not avenge themselves; and the prayers of the poor are of great power. When God sent rain to water the earth, these bodies were buried, for then it appeared that God was entreated for the land. When justice is done on earth, vengeance from heaven ceases. God is pacified, and is entreated for us through Christ, who was hanged on a tree, and so made a curse for us, to do away our guilt, though he was himself guiltless.

vv15-22

These events seem to have taken place towards the end of David's reign. David fainted, but he did not flee, and God sent help in the time of need. In spiritual conflicts, even strong saints sometimes wax faint; then Satan attacks them furiously; but those who stand their ground and resist him, shall be relieved and made more than conquerors. Death is a Christian's last enemy, and a son of Anak; but through Him that triumphed for us, believers shall be more than conquerors at last, even over that enemy.

Cross References

2 Samuel 21
v1Joshua 9:3thematic

Identifies the Gibeonites whom Joshua spared, establishing the background covenant that Saul violated.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Joshua 9:15thematic

The solemn oath of peace and protection sworn to the Gibeonites by Israel's princes.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

The historical rescue of Saul and Jonathan's bodies from Beth-shan by the men of Jabesh-gilead.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 20:42thematic

The oath of perpetual friendship between David and Jonathan that spared Mephibosheth.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallel account of the battles with the giants (Rephaim) and Sibbecai slaying Saph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel record of Elhanan slaying the brother of Goliath the Gittite.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12 Samuel 16:8thematic

Shimei's accusation of bloodguiltiness against David, likely referring to Saul's executed descendants.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The law concerning hanging a body on a tree, showing the Gibeonites' divergent practice.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v81 Samuel 18:19thematic

Clarifies that Merab, wife of Adriel, was the sister of Michal who brought up the sons.

Supported by JFB

v142 Samuel 24:25thematic

The parallel phrase and concept where God was entreated for the land after judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Joshua 18:28thematic

Identifies Zelah as a city in Benjamin where Saul's family tomb was located.

Supported by JFB

v161 Samuel 17:4thematic

Compares Ishbi-benob's massive stature and weapons to those of Goliath of Gath.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel account of the battle in Gath with the giant of twenty-four digits.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v171 Kings 11:36allusion

Illuminates the metaphoric meaning of David being the 'light/lamp of Israel'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v211 Samuel 17:10thematic

Connects the giant defying Israel in battle with Goliath's defiance in 1 Samuel.

Supported by Matthew Poole