2 Samuel 21WEB
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2 Samuel21

World English Bible · Public Domain

1There was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year; and David sought the face of Yahweh. Yahweh said, “It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he put the Gibeonites to death.”

2The king called the Gibeonites and said to them (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites, and the children of Israel had sworn to them; and Saul sought to kill them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah);

3and David said to the Gibeonites, “What should I do for you? And with what should I make atonement, that you may bless Yahweh’s inheritance?”

4The Gibeonites said to him, “It is no matter of silver or gold between us and Saul or his house; neither is it for us to put any man to death in Israel.” He said, “I will do for you whatever you say.”

5They said to the king, “The man who consumed us and who plotted against us, that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the borders of Israel,

6let seven men of his sons be delivered to us, and we will hang them up to Yahweh in Gibeah of Saul, the chosen of Yahweh.” The king said, “I will give them.”

7But the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan the son of Saul, because of Yahweh’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.

8But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Merab the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite.

9He delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites; and they hanged them on the mountain before Yahweh, and all seven of them fell together. They were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest.

10Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water poured on them from the sky. She allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day, nor the animals of the field by night.

11David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.

12So David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh Gilead, who had stolen them from the street of Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hanged them in the day that the Philistines killed Saul in Gilboa;

13and he brought up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son. They also gathered the bones of those who were hanged.

14They buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father; and they performed all that the king commanded. After that, God answered prayer for the land.

15The Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. David grew faint;

16and Ishbibenob, who was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, he being armed with a new sword, thought he would kill David.

17But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and struck the Philistine and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “Don’t go out with us to battle any more, so that you don’t quench the lamp of Israel.”

18After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant.

19There was again war with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.

20There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand and six toes on every foot, twenty-four in number, and he also was born to the giant.

21When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him.

22These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Gibeonites avenged. (1–9). Rizpah's care for the bodies of Saul's descendants. (10–14). Battles with the Philistines. (15–22).

vv1-9

Every affliction arises from sin, and should lead us to repent and humble ourselves before God; but some troubles especially show that they are sent to bring sin to remembrance. God's judgments often look a great way back, which requires us to do so, when we are under his rebukes. It is not for us to object against the people's smarting for the sin of their king; perhaps they helped him. Nor against this generation suffering for the sin of the last. God often visits the sins of the fathers upon the children, and he gives no account of any matters. Time does not wear out the guilt of sin; nor can we build hopes of escape upon the delay of judgments. If we cannot understand all the reasons of Providence in this matter, still we have no right to demand that God should acquaint us with those reasons. It must be right, because it is the will of God, and in the end it will be proved to be so. Money is no satisfaction for blood. It should seem, Saul's posterity trod in his steps, for it is called a bloody house. It was the spirit of the family, therefore they are justly reckoned with for his sin, as well as for their own. The Gibeonites did not require this out of malice against Saul or his family. It was not to gratify any revenge, but for the public good. They were put to death at the beginning of harvest; they were thus sacrificed to turn away the wrath of Almighty God, who had withheld the harvest-mercies for some years past, and to obtain his favour in the present harvest. In vain do we expect mercy from God, unless we do justice upon our sins. Executions must not be thought cruel, which are for the public welfare.

vv10-14

That a guilty land should enjoy many years of plenty, calls for gratitude; and we need not wonder misused abundance should be punished with scarcity; yet how few are disposed to ask of the Lord concerning the sinful cause, while numbers search for the second causes by which he is pleased to work! But the Lord will plead the cause of those who cannot or will not avenge themselves; and the prayers of the poor are of great power. When God sent rain to water the earth, these bodies were buried, for then it appeared that God was entreated for the land. When justice is done on earth, vengeance from heaven ceases. God is pacified, and is entreated for us through Christ, who was hanged on a tree, and so made a curse for us, to do away our guilt, though he was himself guiltless.

vv15-22

These events seem to have taken place towards the end of David's reign. David fainted, but he did not flee, and God sent help in the time of need. In spiritual conflicts, even strong saints sometimes wax faint; then Satan attacks them furiously; but those who stand their ground and resist him, shall be relieved and made more than conquerors. Death is a Christian's last enemy, and a son of Anak; but through Him that triumphed for us, believers shall be more than conquerors at last, even over that enemy.

Cross References

2 Samuel 21
v1Joshua 9:3thematic

Identifies the Gibeonites whom Joshua spared, establishing the background covenant that Saul violated.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Joshua 9:15thematic

The solemn oath of peace and protection sworn to the Gibeonites by Israel's princes.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

The historical rescue of Saul and Jonathan's bodies from Beth-shan by the men of Jabesh-gilead.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 20:42thematic

The oath of perpetual friendship between David and Jonathan that spared Mephibosheth.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallel account of the battles with the giants (Rephaim) and Sibbecai slaying Saph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel record of Elhanan slaying the brother of Goliath the Gittite.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12 Samuel 16:8thematic

Shimei's accusation of bloodguiltiness against David, likely referring to Saul's executed descendants.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The law concerning hanging a body on a tree, showing the Gibeonites' divergent practice.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v81 Samuel 18:19thematic

Clarifies that Merab, wife of Adriel, was the sister of Michal who brought up the sons.

Supported by JFB

v142 Samuel 24:25thematic

The parallel phrase and concept where God was entreated for the land after judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Joshua 18:28thematic

Identifies Zelah as a city in Benjamin where Saul's family tomb was located.

Supported by JFB

v161 Samuel 17:4thematic

Compares Ishbi-benob's massive stature and weapons to those of Goliath of Gath.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel account of the battle in Gath with the giant of twenty-four digits.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v171 Kings 11:36allusion

Illuminates the metaphoric meaning of David being the 'light/lamp of Israel'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v211 Samuel 17:10thematic

Connects the giant defying Israel in battle with Goliath's defiance in 1 Samuel.

Supported by Matthew Poole