2 Samuel21
New King James Version
1Now there was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year; and David inquired of the Lord. And the Lord answered, “It is because of Saul and his bloodthirsty house, because he killed the Gibeonites.”
2So the king called the Gibeonites and spoke to them. Now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; the children of Israel had sworn protection to them, but Saul had sought to kill them in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah.
3Therefore David said to the Gibeonites, “What shall I do for you? And with what shall I make atonement, that you may bless the inheritance of the Lord?”
4And the Gibeonites said to him, “We will have no silver or gold from Saul or from his house, nor shall you kill any man in Israel for us.” So he said, “Whatever you say, I will do for you.”
5Then they answered the king, “As for the man who consumed us and plotted against us, that we should be destroyed from remaining in any of the territories of Israel,
6let seven men of his descendants be delivered to us, and we will hang them before the Lord in Gibeah of Saul, whom the Lord chose.” And the king said, “I will give them.”
7But the king spared Mephibosheth the son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, because of the Lord’s oath that was between them, between David and Jonathan the son of Saul.
8So the king took Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore to Saul, and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite;
9and he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them on the hill before the Lord. So they fell, all seven together, and were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, in the beginning of barley harvest.
10Now Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until the late rains poured on them from heaven. And she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day nor the beasts of the field by night.
11And David was told what Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, the concubine of Saul, had done.
12Then David went and took the bones of Saul, and the bones of Jonathan his son, from the men of Jabesh Gilead who had stolen them from the street of Beth Shan, where the Philistines had hung them up, after the Philistines had struck down Saul in Gilboa.
13So he brought up the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from there; and they gathered the bones of those who had been hanged.
14They buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zelah, in the tomb of Kish his father. So they performed all that the king commanded. And after that God heeded the prayer for the land.
15When the Philistines were at war again with Israel, David and his servants with him went down and fought against the Philistines; and David grew faint.
16Then Ishbi-Benob, who was one of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose bronze spear was three hundred shekels, who was bearing a new sword, thought he could kill David.
17But Abishai the son of Zeruiah came to his aid, and struck the Philistine and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “You shall go out no more with us to battle, lest you quench the lamp of Israel.”
18Now it happened afterward that there was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbechai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was one of the sons of the giant.
19Again there was war at Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
20Yet again there was war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot, twenty-four in number; and he also was born to the giant.
21So when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea, David’s brother, killed him.
22These four were born to the giant in Gath, and fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Gibeonites avenged. (1–9). Rizpah's care for the bodies of Saul's descendants. (10–14). Battles with the Philistines. (15–22).
vv1-9
Every affliction arises from sin, and should lead us to repent and humble ourselves before God; but some troubles especially show that they are sent to bring sin to remembrance. God's judgments often look a great way back, which requires us to do so, when we are under his rebukes. It is not for us to object against the people's smarting for the sin of their king; perhaps they helped him. Nor against this generation suffering for the sin of the last. God often visits the sins of the fathers upon the children, and he gives no account of any matters. Time does not wear out the guilt of sin; nor can we build hopes of escape upon the delay of judgments. If we cannot understand all the reasons of Providence in this matter, still we have no right to demand that God should acquaint us with those reasons. It must be right, because it is the will of God, and in the end it will be proved to be so. Money is no satisfaction for blood. It should seem, Saul's posterity trod in his steps, for it is called a bloody house. It was the spirit of the family, therefore they are justly reckoned with for his sin, as well as for their own. The Gibeonites did not require this out of malice against Saul or his family. It was not to gratify any revenge, but for the public good. They were put to death at the beginning of harvest; they were thus sacrificed to turn away the wrath of Almighty God, who had withheld the harvest-mercies for some years past, and to obtain his favour in the present harvest. In vain do we expect mercy from God, unless we do justice upon our sins. Executions must not be thought cruel, which are for the public welfare.
vv10-14
That a guilty land should enjoy many years of plenty, calls for gratitude; and we need not wonder misused abundance should be punished with scarcity; yet how few are disposed to ask of the Lord concerning the sinful cause, while numbers search for the second causes by which he is pleased to work! But the Lord will plead the cause of those who cannot or will not avenge themselves; and the prayers of the poor are of great power. When God sent rain to water the earth, these bodies were buried, for then it appeared that God was entreated for the land. When justice is done on earth, vengeance from heaven ceases. God is pacified, and is entreated for us through Christ, who was hanged on a tree, and so made a curse for us, to do away our guilt, though he was himself guiltless.
vv15-22
These events seem to have taken place towards the end of David's reign. David fainted, but he did not flee, and God sent help in the time of need. In spiritual conflicts, even strong saints sometimes wax faint; then Satan attacks them furiously; but those who stand their ground and resist him, shall be relieved and made more than conquerors. Death is a Christian's last enemy, and a son of Anak; but through Him that triumphed for us, believers shall be more than conquerors at last, even over that enemy.
Key Words
רָעָב: hunger (more or less extensive)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
בָּקַשׁ: to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
דָּם: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)
Cross References
2 Samuel 21Identifies the Gibeonites whom Joshua spared, establishing the background covenant that Saul violated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The solemn oath of peace and protection sworn to the Gibeonites by Israel's princes.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical rescue of Saul and Jonathan's bodies from Beth-shan by the men of Jabesh-gilead.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The oath of perpetual friendship between David and Jonathan that spared Mephibosheth.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of the battles with the giants (Rephaim) and Sibbecai slaying Saph.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel record of Elhanan slaying the brother of Goliath the Gittite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shimei's accusation of bloodguiltiness against David, likely referring to Saul's executed descendants.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law concerning hanging a body on a tree, showing the Gibeonites' divergent practice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Clarifies that Merab, wife of Adriel, was the sister of Michal who brought up the sons.
Supported by JFB
The parallel phrase and concept where God was entreated for the land after judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Zelah as a city in Benjamin where Saul's family tomb was located.
Supported by JFB
Compares Ishbi-benob's massive stature and weapons to those of Goliath of Gath.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of the battle in Gath with the giant of twenty-four digits.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illuminates the metaphoric meaning of David being the 'light/lamp of Israel'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects the giant defying Israel in battle with Goliath's defiance in 1 Samuel.
Supported by Matthew Poole