2 Samuel21
New Living Translation
1There was a famine during David’s reign that lasted for three years, so David asked the Lord about it. And the Lord said, “The famine has come because Saul and his family are guilty of murdering the Gibeonites.”
2So the king summoned the Gibeonites. They were not part of Israel but were all that was left of the nation of the Amorites. The people of Israel had sworn not to kill them, but Saul, in his zeal for Israel and Judah, had tried to wipe them out.
3David asked them, “What can I do for you? How can I make amends so that you will bless the Lord’s people again?”
4“Well, money can’t settle this matter between us and the family of Saul,” the Gibeonites replied. “Neither can we demand the life of anyone in Israel.” “What can I do then?” David asked. “Just tell me and I will do it for you.”
5Then they replied, “It was Saul who planned to destroy us, to keep us from having any place at all in the territory of Israel.
6So let seven of Saul’s sons be handed over to us, and we will execute them before the Lord at Gibeon, on the mountain of the Lord.” “All right,” the king said, “I will do it.”
7The king spared Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth, who was Saul’s grandson, because of the oath David and Jonathan had sworn before the Lord.
8But he gave them Saul’s two sons Armoni and Mephibosheth, whose mother was Rizpah daughter of Aiah. He also gave them the five sons of Saul’s daughter Merab, the wife of Adriel son of Barzillai from Meholah.
9The men of Gibeon executed them on the mountain before the Lord. So all seven of them died together at the beginning of the barley harvest.
10Then Rizpah daughter of Aiah, the mother of two of the men, spread burlap on a rock and stayed there the entire harvest season. She prevented the scavenger birds from tearing at their bodies during the day and stopped wild animals from eating them at night.
11When David learned what Rizpah, Saul’s concubine, had done,
12he went to the people of Jabesh-gilead and retrieved the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan. (When the Philistines had killed Saul and Jonathan on Mount Gilboa, the people of Jabesh-gilead stole their bodies from the public square of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hung them.)
13So David obtained the bones of Saul and Jonathan, as well as the bones of the men the Gibeonites had executed.
14Then the king ordered that they bury the bones in the tomb of Kish, Saul’s father, at the town of Zela in the land of Benjamin. After that, God ended the famine in the land.
15Once again the Philistines were at war with Israel. And when David and his men were in the thick of battle, David became weak and exhausted.
16Ishbi-benob was a descendant of the giants; his bronze spearhead weighed more than seven pounds, and he was armed with a new sword. He had cornered David and was about to kill him.
17But Abishai son of Zeruiah came to David’s rescue and killed the Philistine. Then David’s men declared, “You are not going out to battle with us again! Why risk snuffing out the light of Israel?”
18After this, there was another battle against the Philistines at Gob. As they fought, Sibbecai from Hushah killed Saph, another descendant of the giants.
19During another battle at Gob, Elhanan son of Jair from Bethlehem killed the brother of Goliath of Gath. The handle of his spear was as thick as a weaver’s beam!
20In another battle with the Philistines at Gath, they encountered a huge man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot, twenty-four in all, who was also a descendant of the giants.
21But when he defied and taunted Israel, he was killed by Jonathan, the son of David’s brother Shimea.
22These four Philistines were descendants of the giants of Gath, but David and his warriors killed them.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Gibeonites avenged. (1–9). Rizpah's care for the bodies of Saul's descendants. (10–14). Battles with the Philistines. (15–22).
vv1-9
Every affliction arises from sin, and should lead us to repent and humble ourselves before God; but some troubles especially show that they are sent to bring sin to remembrance. God's judgments often look a great way back, which requires us to do so, when we are under his rebukes. It is not for us to object against the people's smarting for the sin of their king; perhaps they helped him. Nor against this generation suffering for the sin of the last. God often visits the sins of the fathers upon the children, and he gives no account of any matters. Time does not wear out the guilt of sin; nor can we build hopes of escape upon the delay of judgments. If we cannot understand all the reasons of Providence in this matter, still we have no right to demand that God should acquaint us with those reasons. It must be right, because it is the will of God, and in the end it will be proved to be so. Money is no satisfaction for blood. It should seem, Saul's posterity trod in his steps, for it is called a bloody house. It was the spirit of the family, therefore they are justly reckoned with for his sin, as well as for their own. The Gibeonites did not require this out of malice against Saul or his family. It was not to gratify any revenge, but for the public good. They were put to death at the beginning of harvest; they were thus sacrificed to turn away the wrath of Almighty God, who had withheld the harvest-mercies for some years past, and to obtain his favour in the present harvest. In vain do we expect mercy from God, unless we do justice upon our sins. Executions must not be thought cruel, which are for the public welfare.
vv10-14
That a guilty land should enjoy many years of plenty, calls for gratitude; and we need not wonder misused abundance should be punished with scarcity; yet how few are disposed to ask of the Lord concerning the sinful cause, while numbers search for the second causes by which he is pleased to work! But the Lord will plead the cause of those who cannot or will not avenge themselves; and the prayers of the poor are of great power. When God sent rain to water the earth, these bodies were buried, for then it appeared that God was entreated for the land. When justice is done on earth, vengeance from heaven ceases. God is pacified, and is entreated for us through Christ, who was hanged on a tree, and so made a curse for us, to do away our guilt, though he was himself guiltless.
vv15-22
These events seem to have taken place towards the end of David's reign. David fainted, but he did not flee, and God sent help in the time of need. In spiritual conflicts, even strong saints sometimes wax faint; then Satan attacks them furiously; but those who stand their ground and resist him, shall be relieved and made more than conquerors. Death is a Christian's last enemy, and a son of Anak; but through Him that triumphed for us, believers shall be more than conquerors at last, even over that enemy.
Key Words
רָעָב: hunger (more or less extensive)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
בָּקַשׁ: to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
דָּם: blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)
Cross References
2 Samuel 21Identifies the Gibeonites whom Joshua spared, establishing the background covenant that Saul violated.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The solemn oath of peace and protection sworn to the Gibeonites by Israel's princes.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical rescue of Saul and Jonathan's bodies from Beth-shan by the men of Jabesh-gilead.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The oath of perpetual friendship between David and Jonathan that spared Mephibosheth.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of the battles with the giants (Rephaim) and Sibbecai slaying Saph.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel record of Elhanan slaying the brother of Goliath the Gittite.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shimei's accusation of bloodguiltiness against David, likely referring to Saul's executed descendants.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law concerning hanging a body on a tree, showing the Gibeonites' divergent practice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Clarifies that Merab, wife of Adriel, was the sister of Michal who brought up the sons.
Supported by JFB
The parallel phrase and concept where God was entreated for the land after judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Zelah as a city in Benjamin where Saul's family tomb was located.
Supported by JFB
Compares Ishbi-benob's massive stature and weapons to those of Goliath of Gath.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of the battle in Gath with the giant of twenty-four digits.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illuminates the metaphoric meaning of David being the 'light/lamp of Israel'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects the giant defying Israel in battle with Goliath's defiance in 1 Samuel.
Supported by Matthew Poole