Joshua 9NKJV
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Joshua9

New King James Version

1And it came to pass when all the kings who were on this side of the Jordan, in the hills and in the lowland and in all the coasts of the Great Sea toward Lebanon—the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite—heard about it,

2that they gathered together to fight with Joshua and Israel with one accord.

3But when the inhabitants of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai,

4they worked craftily, and went and pretended to be ambassadors. And they took old sacks on their donkeys, old wineskins torn and mended,

5old and patched sandals on their feet, and old garments on themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and moldy.

6And they went to Joshua, to the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country; now therefore, make a covenant with us.”

7Then the men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you dwell among us; so how can we make a covenant with you?”

8But they said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” And Joshua said to them, “Who are you, and where do you come from?”

9So they said to him: “From a very far country your servants have come, because of the name of the Lord your God; for we have heard of His fame, and all that He did in Egypt,

10and all that He did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan—to Sihon king of Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth.

11Therefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take provisions with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say to them, “We are your servants; now therefore, make a covenant with us.” ’

12This bread of ours we took hot for our provision from our houses on the day we departed to come to you. But now look, it is dry and moldy.

13And these wineskins which we filled were new, and see, they are torn; and these our garments and our sandals have become old because of the very long journey.”

14Then the men of Israel took some of their provisions; but they did not ask counsel of the Lord.

15So Joshua made peace with them, and made a covenant with them to let them live; and the rulers of the congregation swore to them.

16And it happened at the end of three days, after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbors who dwelt near them.

17Then the children of Israel journeyed and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kirjath Jearim.

18But the children of Israel did not attack them, because the rulers of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel. And all the congregation complained against the rulers.

19Then all the rulers said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel; now therefore, we may not touch them.

20This we will do to them: We will let them live, lest wrath be upon us because of the oath which we swore to them.”

21And the rulers said to them, “Let them live, but let them be woodcutters and water carriers for all the congregation, as the rulers had promised them.”

22Then Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, “Why have you deceived us, saying, ‘We are very far from you,’ when you dwell near us?

23Now therefore, you are cursed, and none of you shall be freed from being slaves—woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24So they answered Joshua and said, “Because your servants were clearly told that the Lord your God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were very much afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.

25And now, here we are, in your hands; do with us as it seems good and right to do to us.”

26So he did to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they did not kill them.

27And that day Joshua made them woodcutters and water carriers for the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, in the place which He would choose, even to this day.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 9.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The kings combine against Israel. (1, 2). The Gibeonites apply for peace. (3–13). They obtain peace, but are soon detected. (14–21). The Gibeonites are to be bondmen. (22–27).

vv1-2

Hitherto the Canaanites had defended themselves, but here they consult to attack Israel. Their minds were blinded, and their hearts hardened to their destruction. Though often at enmity with each other, yet they united against Israel. Oh that Israel would learn of Canaanites, to sacrifice private interests to the public welfare, and to lay aside all quarrels among themselves, that they may unite against the enemies of God's kingdom! (Jos 9:3-13)

vv3-13

Other people heard these tidings, and were driven thereby to make war upon Israel; but the Gibeonites were led to make peace with them. Thus the discovery of the glory and the grace of God in the gospel, is to some a savour of life unto life, but to others a savour of death unto death, 2Co 2:16. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. The falsehood of the Gibeonites cannot be justified. We must not do evil that good may themselves to the God of Israel, we have reason to think Joshua would have been directed by the oracle of God to spare their lives. But when they had once said, “We are come from a far country,” they were led to say it made of skins, and their clothes: one lie brings on another, and that a third, and so on. The way of that sin is especially down-hill. Yet their faith and prudence are to be commended. In submitting to Israel they submitted to the God of Israel, which implied forsaking their idolatries. And how can we do better than cast ourselves upon the mercy of a God of all goodness? The way to avoid judgment is to meet it by repentance. Let us do like these Gibeonites, seek peace with God in the rags of abasement, and godly sorrow; so our sin shall not be our ruin. Let us be servants to Jesus, our blessed Joshua, and we shall live.

vv14-21

The Israelites, having examined the provisions of the Gibeonites, hastily concluded that they confirmed their account. We make more haste than good speed, when we stay not to take God with us, and do not consult him by the word and prayer. The fraud was soon found out. A lying tongue is but for a moment. Had the oath been in itself unlawful, it would not have been binding; for no obligation can render it our duty to commit a sin. But it was not unlawful to spare the Canaanites who submitted, and left idolatry, desiring only that their lives might be spared. A citizen of Zion swears to his own hurt, and changes not, Ps 15:4. Joshua and the princes, when they found that they had been deceived, did not apply to Eleazar the high priest to be freed from their engagement, much less did they pretend that no faith is to be kept with those to whom they had sworn. Let this convince us how we ought to keep our promises, and make good our bargains; and what conscience we ought to make of our words.

Cross References

Joshua 9
v14Numbers 27:21thematic

Specifies the ordinance of asking counsel by the judgment of Urim before the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v202 Samuel 21:1thematic

Records the severe famine sent years later when King Saul violated this sworn covenant with the Gibeonites.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Deuteronomy 7:2thematic

Explicitly forbids making a covenant or league with the native inhabitants of Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Numbers 21:24-35thematic

Details the historical defeats of Sihon and Og, which Gibeon cited as distant news.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

Distinguishes between rules for cities which are very far off and local Canaanite cities.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Psalms 15:4thematic

Characterizes the righteous citizen of Zion as one who swears to his own hurt and changes not.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallels the status of strangers as hewers of wood and drawers of water.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Joshua 11:19thematic

Confirms Gibeon was the only Hivite city that made peace with Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Joshua 10:2thematic

Indicates Gibeon was a great, royal city, explaining why their surrender terrified neighbors.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v23Genesis 9:25thematic

Connects Gibeon's curse of servitude under Israel to Noah's ancient curse on Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Ezra 8:20thematic

Identifies the Nethinim, temple servants descended from groups like Gibeon, appointed for service.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Psalms 83:2-8thematic

Describes the confederated nations consulting together with one consent against God's people.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v14Isaiah 30:1thematic

Pronounces woe on children who take counsel and make leagues but not of God's Spirit.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Deuteronomy 12:5thematic

Refers to the central place of worship the Lord would choose for his altar.

Supported by Matthew Henry