Joshua9
New American Standard
1Now it came about when all the kings who were beyond the Jordan, in the hill country, the lowland, and on all the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon, the Hittite and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard about it,
2that they met together with one purpose, to fight with Joshua and with Israel.
3The inhabitants of Gibeon also heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and to Ai,
4but they on their part acted craftily and went and took provisions for a journey, and took worn-out sacks on their donkeys, and wineskins that were worn out, split open, and patched,
5and worn-out and patched sandals on their feet, and worn-out clothes on themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and had become crumbled.
6And they went to Joshua at the camp at Gilgal and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country; now then, make a covenant with us.”
7But the men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you are living within our land; how then are we to make a covenant with you?”
8So they said to Joshua, “We are your servants.” Then Joshua said to them, “Who are you and where do you come from?”
9They said to him, “Your servants have come from a very distant country because of the fame of the Lord your God; for we have heard the report about Him and all that He did in Egypt,
10and all that He did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon and to Og king of Bashan who was in Ashtaroth.
11So our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take provisions in your hand for the journey, and go to meet them, and say to them, “We are your servants; now then, make a covenant with us.”’
12This bread of ours was hot when we took it for our provisions from our houses on the day that we left to come to you; but now behold, it is dry and has become crumbled.
13And these wineskins which we filled were new, and behold, they are split open; and these clothes of ours and our sandals are worn out from the very long journey.”
14So the men of Israel took some of their provisions, and did not ask for the counsel of the Lord.
15And Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live; and the leaders of the congregation swore an oath to them.
16However, it came about at the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were neighbors and that they were living within their land.
17Then the sons of Israel set out and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim.
18But the sons of Israel did not attack them because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel. And the whole congregation grumbled against the leaders.
19But all the leaders said to the whole congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel, and now we cannot touch them.
20This we will do to them, even let them live, so that wrath will not be on us because of the oath which we swore to them.”
21So the leaders said to them, “Let them live.” And they became gatherers of firewood and labor to draw water for the whole congregation, just as the leaders had spoken to them.
22Then Joshua called for them and spoke to them, saying, “Why have you deceived us, saying, ‘We are very far from you,’ when you are living within our land?
23Now therefore, you are cursed, and you will never cease to be slaves, both gatherers of firewood and labor to draw water for the house of my God.”
24So they answered Joshua and said, “Since your servants were fully informed that the Lord your God had commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land before you, we feared greatly for our lives because of you, and did this thing.
25And now behold, we are in your hands; do to us as it seems good and right in your sight to do.”
26This he did to them, and saved them from the hands of the sons of Israel, and they did not kill them.
27But on that day Joshua made them gatherers of firewood and labor to draw water for the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, to this day, in the place which He would choose.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The kings combine against Israel. (1, 2). The Gibeonites apply for peace. (3–13). They obtain peace, but are soon detected. (14–21). The Gibeonites are to be bondmen. (22–27).
vv1-2
Hitherto the Canaanites had defended themselves, but here they consult to attack Israel. Their minds were blinded, and their hearts hardened to their destruction. Though often at enmity with each other, yet they united against Israel. Oh that Israel would learn of Canaanites, to sacrifice private interests to the public welfare, and to lay aside all quarrels among themselves, that they may unite against the enemies of God's kingdom! (Jos 9:3-13)
vv3-13
Other people heard these tidings, and were driven thereby to make war upon Israel; but the Gibeonites were led to make peace with them. Thus the discovery of the glory and the grace of God in the gospel, is to some a savour of life unto life, but to others a savour of death unto death, 2Co 2:16. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. The falsehood of the Gibeonites cannot be justified. We must not do evil that good may themselves to the God of Israel, we have reason to think Joshua would have been directed by the oracle of God to spare their lives. But when they had once said, “We are come from a far country,” they were led to say it made of skins, and their clothes: one lie brings on another, and that a third, and so on. The way of that sin is especially down-hill. Yet their faith and prudence are to be commended. In submitting to Israel they submitted to the God of Israel, which implied forsaking their idolatries. And how can we do better than cast ourselves upon the mercy of a God of all goodness? The way to avoid judgment is to meet it by repentance. Let us do like these Gibeonites, seek peace with God in the rags of abasement, and godly sorrow; so our sin shall not be our ruin. Let us be servants to Jesus, our blessed Joshua, and we shall live.
vv14-21
The Israelites, having examined the provisions of the Gibeonites, hastily concluded that they confirmed their account. We make more haste than good speed, when we stay not to take God with us, and do not consult him by the word and prayer. The fraud was soon found out. A lying tongue is but for a moment. Had the oath been in itself unlawful, it would not have been binding; for no obligation can render it our duty to commit a sin. But it was not unlawful to spare the Canaanites who submitted, and left idolatry, desiring only that their lives might be spared. A citizen of Zion swears to his own hurt, and changes not, Ps 15:4. Joshua and the princes, when they found that they had been deceived, did not apply to Eleazar the high priest to be freed from their engagement, much less did they pretend that no faith is to be kept with those to whom they had sworn. Let this convince us how we ought to keep our promises, and make good our bargains; and what conscience we ought to make of our words.
Key Words
מֶלֶךְ: a king
עֵבֶר: properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)
יַרְדֵּן: Jarden, the principal river of Palestine
הַר: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
שְׁפֵלָה: Lowland, i.e. (with the article) the maritime slope of Palestine
חוֹף: a cove (as a sheltered bay)
גָּדוֹל: great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
יָם: a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south
מוּל: properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite
לְבָנוֹן: Lebanon, a mountain range in Palestine
Cross References
Joshua 9Specifies the ordinance of asking counsel by the judgment of Urim before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records the severe famine sent years later when King Saul violated this sworn covenant with the Gibeonites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Explicitly forbids making a covenant or league with the native inhabitants of Canaan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details the historical defeats of Sihon and Og, which Gibeon cited as distant news.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Distinguishes between rules for cities which are very far off and local Canaanite cities.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Characterizes the righteous citizen of Zion as one who swears to his own hurt and changes not.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the status of strangers as hewers of wood and drawers of water.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms Gibeon was the only Hivite city that made peace with Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Indicates Gibeon was a great, royal city, explaining why their surrender terrified neighbors.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects Gibeon's curse of servitude under Israel to Noah's ancient curse on Canaan.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the Nethinim, temple servants descended from groups like Gibeon, appointed for service.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Describes the confederated nations consulting together with one consent against God's people.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Pronounces woe on children who take counsel and make leagues but not of God's Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Refers to the central place of worship the Lord would choose for his altar.
Supported by Matthew Henry