Joshua 8NASB
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Joshua8

New American Standard

1Now the Lord said to Joshua, “Do not fear or be dismayed. Take all the people of war with you. Arise, go up to Ai; see, I have handed over to you the king of Ai, his people, his city, and his land.

2You shall do to Ai and its king just as you did to Jericho and its king; you shall take only its spoils and its cattle as plunder for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it.”

3So Joshua rose up with all the people of war to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose thirty thousand men, valiant warriors, and sent them out at night.

4He commanded them, saying, “See, you are going to ambush the city from behind it. Do not go very far from the city, but all of you be ready.

5Then I and all the people who are with me will approach the city. And when they come out to meet us as they did the first time, we will flee before them.

6They will come out after us until we have lured them away from the city, for they will say, ‘They are fleeing before us just as they did the first time.’ So we will flee before them.

7Then you shall rise from your ambush and take possession of the city, for the Lord your God will hand it over to you.

8Then it will be when you have seized the city, that you shall set the city on fire. You shall do it in accordance with the word of the Lord. See, I have commanded you.”

9So Joshua sent them away, and they went to the place of ambush and remained between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua spent that night among the people.

10Now Joshua got up early in the morning and mustered the people, and he went up with the elders of Israel before the people to Ai.

11Then all the people of war who were with him went up and approached, and arrived in front of the city; and they camped on the north side of Ai. And there was a valley between him and Ai.

12Then he took about five thousand men and set them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city.

13So they stationed the people, all the army that was on the north side of the city, and its rear guard on the west side of the city, and Joshua spent that night in the midst of the valley.

14And it came about, when the king of Ai saw them, that the men of the city hurried and got up early, and went out to meet Israel in battle, he and all his people at the appointed place before the desert plain. But he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.

15Then Joshua and all Israel pretended to be defeated before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.

16And all the people who were in the city were called together to pursue them, and they pursued Joshua and were lured away from the city.

17So not a man was left in Ai or Bethel, but they had all gone out after Israel, and they left the city unguarded and pursued Israel.

18Then the Lord said to Joshua, “Reach out with the sword that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will hand it over to you.” So Joshua reached out with the sword that was in his hand toward the city.

19Then the men in ambush rose quickly from their place, and when he had reached out with his hand, they ran and entered the city and captured it, and they quickly set the city on fire.

20When the men of Ai turned back and looked, behold, the smoke of the city ascended to the sky, and they had no place to flee this way or that, for the people who had been fleeing to the wilderness turned against the pursuers.

21When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that the smoke of the city ascended, they turned back and killed the men of Ai.

22The others came out from the city to confront them, so that they were trapped in the midst of Israel, some on this side and some on that side; and they killed them until there was not one left who escaped or survived.

23But they captured the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

24Now when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the field in the wilderness where they pursued them, and all of them had fallen by the edge of the sword until they were destroyed, then all Israel returned to Ai and struck it with the edge of the sword.

25So all who fell that day, both men and women, were twelve thousand—all the people of Ai.

26For Joshua did not withdraw his hand with which he reached out with the sword until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.

27Israel took only the cattle and the spoils of that city as plunder for themselves, in accordance with the word of the Lord which He had commanded Joshua.

28So Joshua burned Ai and made it a refuse heap forever, a desolation until this day.

29And he hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening; but at sunset Joshua gave the command and they took his body down from the tree and threw it at the entrance of the city gate, and erected over it a large heap of stones that stands to this day.

30Then Joshua built an altar to the Lord, the God of Israel, on Mount Ebal,

31just as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded the sons of Israel, as it is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, an altar of uncut stones on which no one had wielded an iron tool; and they offered burnt offerings on it to the Lord, and sacrificed peace offerings.

32And he wrote there on the stones a copy of the Law of Moses, which he had written, in the presence of the sons of Israel.

33And all Israel with their elders, officers, and their judges were standing on both sides of the ark before the Levitical priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the Lord, the stranger as well as the native. Half of them stood in front of Mount Gerizim, and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, just as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded at first to bless the people of Israel.

34Then afterward he read all the words of the Law, the blessing and the curse, according to everything that is written in the Book of the Law.

35There was not a word of all that Moses had commanded which Joshua did not read before all the assembly of Israel with the women, the little ones, and the strangers who were living among them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God encourages Joshua. (1, 2). The taking of Ai. (3–22). The destruction of Ai and its king. (23–29). The law read on Ebal and Gerizim. (30–35).

vv1-2

When we have faithfully put away sin, that accursed thing which separates between us and God, then, and not till then, we may look to hear from God to our comfort; and God's directing us how to go on in our Christian work and warfare, is a good evidence of his being reconciled to us. God encouraged Joshua to proceed. At Ai the spoil was not to be destroyed as at Jericho, therefore there was no danger of the people's committing such a trespass. Achan, who caught at forbidden spoil, lost that, and life, and all; but the rest of the people, who kept themselves from the accursed thing, were quickly rewarded for their obedience. The way to have the comfort of what God allows us, is, to keep from what he forbids us. No man shall lose by self-denial.

vv3-22

Observe Joshua's conduct and prudence. Those that would maintain their spiritual conflicts must not love their ease. Probably he went into the valley alone, to pray to God for a blessing, and he did not seek in vain. He never drew back till the work was done. Those that have stretched out their hands against their spiritual enemies, must never draw them back.

vv23-29

God, the righteous Judge, had sentenced the Canaanites for their wickedness; the Israelites only executed his doom. None of their conduct can be drawn into an example for others. Especial reason no doubt there was for this severity to the king of Ai; it is likely he had been notoriously wicked and vile, and a blasphemer of the God of Israel.

Cross References

Joshua 8
v30Deuteronomy 27:4fulfillment

Fulfills Moses' explicit command to set up stones on Mount Ebal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v31Deuteronomy 27:5fulfillment

Fulfills the command to build an altar of uncut stones on which no iron was used.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v26Exodus 17:11thematic

Joshua's outstretched spear parallel to Moses' raised hands ensuring victory over Amalek.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v29Deuteronomy 21:23fulfillment

Fulfills the Mosaic law requiring bodies hanged on trees to be taken down before nightfall.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v30Deuteronomy 11:29fulfillment

Directly fulfills the command to put the blessing on Gerizim and the curse on Ebal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v2Judges 20:29-33thematic

A direct military parallel to the ambush and tactical retreat strategy used against Gibeah.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Joshua 7:5thematic

The feigned retreat exploits the memory of the actual defeat at Ai in the previous battle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v32Deuteronomy 27:3fulfillment

Joshua writes the copy of the law on plastered stones as Moses instructed.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v29Joshua 7:26thematic

A second prominent heap of stones in Israel's early history, echoing Achan's grave.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Provides the legal framework for hanging the executed king of Ai on a tree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Deuteronomy 27:6fulfillment

Fulfills the mandate to offer burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar of whole stones.

Supported by John Calvin