Joshua8
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Yahweh said to Joshua, “Don’t be afraid, and don’t be dismayed. Take all the warriors with you, and arise, go up to Ai. Behold, I have given into your hand the king of Ai, with his people, his city, and his land.
2You shall do to Ai and her king as you did to Jericho and her king, except you shall take its goods and its livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it.”
3So Joshua arose, with all the warriors, to go up to Ai. Joshua chose thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valor, and sent them out by night.
4He commanded them, saying, “Behold, you shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city. Don’t go very far from the city, but all of you be ready.
5I and all the people who are with me will approach the city. It shall happen, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them.
6They will come out after us until we have drawn them away from the city; for they will say, ‘They flee before us, like the first time.’ So we will flee before them,
7and you shall rise up from the ambush, and take possession of the city; for Yahweh your God will deliver it into your hand.
8It shall be, when you have seized the city, that you shall set the city on fire. You shall do this according to Yahweh’s word. Behold, I have commanded you.”
9Joshua sent them out; and they went to set up the ambush, and stayed between Bethel and Ai on the west side of Ai; but Joshua stayed among the people that night.
10Joshua rose up early in the morning, mustered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai.
11All the people, even the men of war who were with him, went up and came near, and came before the city and encamped on the north side of Ai. Now there was a valley between him and Ai.
12He took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city.
13So they set the people, even all the army who was on the north of the city, and their ambush on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the middle of the valley.
14When the king of Ai saw it, they hurried and rose up early, and the men of the city went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at the time appointed, before the Arabah; but he didn’t know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.
15Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness.
16All the people who were in the city were called together to pursue after them. They pursued Joshua, and were drawn away from the city.
17There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who didn’t go out after Israel. They left the city open, and pursued Israel.
18Yahweh said to Joshua, “Stretch out the javelin that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand.” Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city.
19The ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand and entered into the city and took it. They hurried and set the city on fire.
20When the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way. The people who fled to the wilderness turned back on the pursuers.
21When Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back and killed the men of Ai.
22The others came out of the city against them, so they were in the middle of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side. They struck them, so that they let none of them remain or escape.
23They captured the king of Ai alive, and brought him to Joshua.
24When Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, in the wilderness in which they pursued them, and they had all fallen by the edge of the sword until they were consumed, all Israel returned to Ai and struck it with the edge of the sword.
25All that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the people of Ai.
26For Joshua didn’t draw back his hand, with which he stretched out the javelin, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.
27Israel took for themselves only the livestock and the goods of that city, according to Yahweh’s word which he commanded Joshua.
28So Joshua burned Ai and made it a heap forever, even a desolation, to this day.
29He hanged the king of Ai on a tree until the evening. At sundown, Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and threw it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised a great heap of stones on it that remains to this day.
30Then Joshua built an altar to Yahweh, the God of Israel, on Mount Ebal,
31as Moses the servant of Yahweh commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses: an altar of uncut stones, on which no one had lifted up any iron. They offered burnt offerings on it to Yahweh and sacrificed peace offerings.
32He wrote there on the stones a copy of Moses’ law, which he wrote in the presence of the children of Israel.
33All Israel, with their elders, officers, and judges, stood on both sides of the ark before the Levitical priests, who carried the ark of Yahweh’s covenant, the foreigner as well as the native; half of them in front of Mount Gerizim, and half of them in front of Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of Yahweh had commanded at the first, that they should bless the people of Israel.
34Afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law.
35There was not a word of all that Moses commanded which Joshua didn’t read before all the assembly of Israel, with the women, the little ones, and the foreigners who were among them.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 8.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God encourages Joshua. (1, 2). The taking of Ai. (3–22). The destruction of Ai and its king. (23–29). The law read on Ebal and Gerizim. (30–35).
vv1-2
When we have faithfully put away sin, that accursed thing which separates between us and God, then, and not till then, we may look to hear from God to our comfort; and God's directing us how to go on in our Christian work and warfare, is a good evidence of his being reconciled to us. God encouraged Joshua to proceed. At Ai the spoil was not to be destroyed as at Jericho, therefore there was no danger of the people's committing such a trespass. Achan, who caught at forbidden spoil, lost that, and life, and all; but the rest of the people, who kept themselves from the accursed thing, were quickly rewarded for their obedience. The way to have the comfort of what God allows us, is, to keep from what he forbids us. No man shall lose by self-denial.
vv3-22
Observe Joshua's conduct and prudence. Those that would maintain their spiritual conflicts must not love their ease. Probably he went into the valley alone, to pray to God for a blessing, and he did not seek in vain. He never drew back till the work was done. Those that have stretched out their hands against their spiritual enemies, must never draw them back.
vv23-29
God, the righteous Judge, had sentenced the Canaanites for their wickedness; the Israelites only executed his doom. None of their conduct can be drawn into an example for others. Especial reason no doubt there was for this severity to the king of Ai; it is likely he had been notoriously wicked and vile, and a blasphemer of the God of Israel.
Key Words
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
יָרֵא: to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten
חָתַת: properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
מִלְחָמָה: a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
עַי: Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in Palestine
Cross References
Joshua 8Fulfills Moses' explicit command to set up stones on Mount Ebal.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the command to build an altar of uncut stones on which no iron was used.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Joshua's outstretched spear parallel to Moses' raised hands ensuring victory over Amalek.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfills the Mosaic law requiring bodies hanged on trees to be taken down before nightfall.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Directly fulfills the command to put the blessing on Gerizim and the curse on Ebal.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
A direct military parallel to the ambush and tactical retreat strategy used against Gibeah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The feigned retreat exploits the memory of the actual defeat at Ai in the previous battle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Joshua writes the copy of the law on plastered stones as Moses instructed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
A second prominent heap of stones in Israel's early history, echoing Achan's grave.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides the legal framework for hanging the executed king of Ai on a tree.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills the mandate to offer burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar of whole stones.
Supported by John Calvin