Joshua 9NIV
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Joshua9

New International Version

1Now when all the kings west of the Jordan heard about these things—the kings in the hill country, in the western foothills, and along the entire coast of the Mediterranean Sea as far as Lebanon (the kings of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites)—

2they came together to wage war against Joshua and Israel.

3However, when the people of Gibeon heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai,

4they resorted to a ruse: They went as a delegation whose donkeys were loaded with worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended.

5They put worn and patched sandals on their feet and wore old clothes. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy.

6Then they went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal and said to him and the Israelites, “We have come from a distant country; make a treaty with us.”

7The Israelites said to the Hivites, “But perhaps you live near us, so how can we make a treaty with you?”

8“We are your servants,” they said to Joshua. But Joshua asked, “Who are you and where do you come from?”

9They answered: “Your servants have come from a very distant country because of the fame of the Lord your God. For we have heard reports of him: all that he did in Egypt,

10and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites east of the Jordan—Sihon king of Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.

11And our elders and all those living in our country said to us, ‘Take provisions for your journey; go and meet them and say to them, “We are your servants; make a treaty with us.”’

12This bread of ours was warm when we packed it at home on the day we left to come to you. But now see how dry and moldy it is.

13And these wineskins that we filled were new, but see how cracked they are. And our clothes and sandals are worn out by the very long journey.”

14The Israelites sampled their provisions but did not inquire of the Lord.

15Then Joshua made a treaty of peace with them to let them live, and the leaders of the assembly ratified it by oath.

16Three days after they made the treaty with the Gibeonites, the Israelites heard that they were neighbors, living near them.

17So the Israelites set out and on the third day came to their cities: Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth and Kiriath Jearim.

18But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the assembly had sworn an oath to them by the Lord, the God of Israel. The whole assembly grumbled against the leaders,

19but all the leaders answered, “We have given them our oath by the Lord, the God of Israel, and we cannot touch them now.

20This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that God’s wrath will not fall on us for breaking the oath we swore to them.”

21They continued, “Let them live, but let them be woodcutters and water carriers in the service of the whole assembly.” So the leaders’ promise to them was kept.

22Then Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said, “Why did you deceive us by saying, ‘We live a long way from you,’ while actually you live near us?

23You are now under a curse: You will never be released from service as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24They answered Joshua, “Your servants were clearly told how the Lord your God had commanded his servant Moses to give you the whole land and to wipe out all its inhabitants from before you. So we feared for our lives because of you, and that is why we did this.

25We are now in your hands. Do to us whatever seems good and right to you.”

26So Joshua saved them from the Israelites, and they did not kill them.

27That day he made the Gibeonites woodcutters and water carriers for the assembly, to provide for the needs of the altar of the Lord at the place the Lord would choose. And that is what they are to this day.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 9.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The kings combine against Israel. (1, 2). The Gibeonites apply for peace. (3–13). They obtain peace, but are soon detected. (14–21). The Gibeonites are to be bondmen. (22–27).

vv1-2

Hitherto the Canaanites had defended themselves, but here they consult to attack Israel. Their minds were blinded, and their hearts hardened to their destruction. Though often at enmity with each other, yet they united against Israel. Oh that Israel would learn of Canaanites, to sacrifice private interests to the public welfare, and to lay aside all quarrels among themselves, that they may unite against the enemies of God's kingdom! (Jos 9:3-13)

vv3-13

Other people heard these tidings, and were driven thereby to make war upon Israel; but the Gibeonites were led to make peace with them. Thus the discovery of the glory and the grace of God in the gospel, is to some a savour of life unto life, but to others a savour of death unto death, 2Co 2:16. The same sun softens wax and hardens clay. The falsehood of the Gibeonites cannot be justified. We must not do evil that good may themselves to the God of Israel, we have reason to think Joshua would have been directed by the oracle of God to spare their lives. But when they had once said, “We are come from a far country,” they were led to say it made of skins, and their clothes: one lie brings on another, and that a third, and so on. The way of that sin is especially down-hill. Yet their faith and prudence are to be commended. In submitting to Israel they submitted to the God of Israel, which implied forsaking their idolatries. And how can we do better than cast ourselves upon the mercy of a God of all goodness? The way to avoid judgment is to meet it by repentance. Let us do like these Gibeonites, seek peace with God in the rags of abasement, and godly sorrow; so our sin shall not be our ruin. Let us be servants to Jesus, our blessed Joshua, and we shall live.

vv14-21

The Israelites, having examined the provisions of the Gibeonites, hastily concluded that they confirmed their account. We make more haste than good speed, when we stay not to take God with us, and do not consult him by the word and prayer. The fraud was soon found out. A lying tongue is but for a moment. Had the oath been in itself unlawful, it would not have been binding; for no obligation can render it our duty to commit a sin. But it was not unlawful to spare the Canaanites who submitted, and left idolatry, desiring only that their lives might be spared. A citizen of Zion swears to his own hurt, and changes not, Ps 15:4. Joshua and the princes, when they found that they had been deceived, did not apply to Eleazar the high priest to be freed from their engagement, much less did they pretend that no faith is to be kept with those to whom they had sworn. Let this convince us how we ought to keep our promises, and make good our bargains; and what conscience we ought to make of our words.

Cross References

Joshua 9
v14Numbers 27:21thematic

Specifies the ordinance of asking counsel by the judgment of Urim before the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v202 Samuel 21:1thematic

Records the severe famine sent years later when King Saul violated this sworn covenant with the Gibeonites.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Deuteronomy 7:2thematic

Explicitly forbids making a covenant or league with the native inhabitants of Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Numbers 21:24-35thematic

Details the historical defeats of Sihon and Og, which Gibeon cited as distant news.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

Distinguishes between rules for cities which are very far off and local Canaanite cities.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Psalms 15:4thematic

Characterizes the righteous citizen of Zion as one who swears to his own hurt and changes not.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallels the status of strangers as hewers of wood and drawers of water.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Joshua 11:19thematic

Confirms Gibeon was the only Hivite city that made peace with Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Joshua 10:2thematic

Indicates Gibeon was a great, royal city, explaining why their surrender terrified neighbors.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v23Genesis 9:25thematic

Connects Gibeon's curse of servitude under Israel to Noah's ancient curse on Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Ezra 8:20thematic

Identifies the Nethinim, temple servants descended from groups like Gibeon, appointed for service.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Psalms 83:2-8thematic

Describes the confederated nations consulting together with one consent against God's people.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v14Isaiah 30:1thematic

Pronounces woe on children who take counsel and make leagues but not of God's Spirit.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Deuteronomy 12:5thematic

Refers to the central place of worship the Lord would choose for his altar.

Supported by Matthew Henry