Genesis 42WEB
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Genesis42

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now Jacob saw that there was grain in Egypt, and Jacob said to his sons, “Why do you look at one another?”

2He said, “Behold, I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there, and buy for us from there, so that we may live, and not die.”

3Joseph’s ten brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt.

4But Jacob didn’t send Benjamin, Joseph’s brother, with his brothers; for he said, “Lest perhaps harm happen to him.”

5The sons of Israel came to buy among those who came, for the famine was in the land of Canaan.

6Joseph was the governor over the land. It was he who sold to all the people of the land. Joseph’s brothers came, and bowed themselves down to him with their faces to the earth.

7Joseph saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but acted like a stranger to them, and spoke roughly with them. He said to them, “Where did you come from?” They said, “From the land of Canaan, to buy food.”

8Joseph recognized his brothers, but they didn’t recognize him.

9Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed about them, and said to them, “You are spies! You have come to see the nakedness of the land.”

10They said to him, “No, my lord, but your servants have come to buy food.

11We are all one man’s sons; we are honest men. Your servants are not spies.”

12He said to them, “No, but you have come to see the nakedness of the land!”

13They said, “We, your servants, are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and behold, the youngest is today with our father, and one is no more.”

14Joseph said to them, “It is like I told you, saying, ‘You are spies!’

15By this you shall be tested. By the life of Pharaoh, you shall not go out from here, unless your youngest brother comes here.

16Send one of you, and let him get your brother, and you shall be bound, that your words may be tested, whether there is truth in you, or else by the life of Pharaoh surely you are spies.”

17He put them all together into custody for three days.

18Joseph said to them the third day, “Do this, and live, for I fear God.

19If you are honest men, then let one of your brothers be bound in your prison; but you go, carry grain for the famine of your houses.

20Bring your youngest brother to me; so will your words be verified, and you won’t die.” They did so.

21They said to one another, “We are certainly guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul, when he begged us, and we wouldn’t listen. Therefore this distress has come upon us.”

22Reuben answered them, saying, “Didn’t I tell you, saying, ‘Don’t sin against the child,’ and you wouldn’t listen? Therefore also, behold, his blood is required.”

23They didn’t know that Joseph understood them; for there was an interpreter between them.

24He turned himself away from them, and wept. Then he returned to them, and spoke to them, and took Simeon from among them, and bound him before their eyes.

25Then Joseph gave a command to fill their bags with grain, and to restore each man’s money into his sack, and to give them food for the way. So it was done to them.

26They loaded their donkeys with their grain, and departed from there.

27As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey food in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the mouth of his sack.

28He said to his brothers, “My money is restored! Behold, it is in my sack!” Their hearts failed them, and they turned trembling to one another, saying, “What is this that God has done to us?”

29They came to Jacob their father, to the land of Canaan, and told him all that had happened to them, saying,

30“The man, the lord of the land, spoke roughly with us, and took us for spies of the country.

31We said to him, ‘We are honest men. We are no spies.

32We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; one is no more, and the youngest is today with our father in the land of Canaan.’

33The man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘By this I will know that you are honest men: leave one of your brothers with me, and take grain for the famine of your houses, and go your way.

34Bring your youngest brother to me. Then I will know that you are not spies, but that you are honest men. So I will deliver your brother to you, and you shall trade in the land.’”

35As they emptied their sacks, behold, each man’s bundle of money was in his sack. When they and their father saw their bundles of money, they were afraid.

36Jacob, their father, said to them, “You have bereaved me of my children! Joseph is no more, Simeon is no more, and you want to take Benjamin away. All these things are against me.”

37Reuben spoke to his father, saying, “Kill my two sons, if I don’t bring him to you. Entrust him to my care, and I will bring him to you again.”

38He said, “My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he only is left. If harm happens to him along the way in which you go, then you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 42.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jacob sends ten sons to buy corn. (1–6). Joseph's treatment of his brethren. (7–20). Their remorse, Simeon detained. (21–24). The rest return with corn. (25–28). Jacob refuses to send Benjamin to Egypt. (29–38).

vv1-6

Jacob saw the corn his neighbours had bought in Egypt, and brought home. It is a spur to exertion to see others supplied. Shall others get food for their souls, and shall we starve while it is to be had? Having discovered where help is to be had, we should apply for it without delay, without shrinking from labour, or grudging expense, especially as regards our never-dying souls. There is provision in Christ; but we must come to him, and seek it from him.

vv7-20

Joseph was hard upon his brethren, not from a spirit of revenge, but to bring them to repentance. Not seeing his brother Benjamin, he suspected that they had made away with him, and he gave them occasion to speak of their father and brother. God, in his providence, sometimes seems harsh with those he loves, and speaks roughly to those for whom yet he has great mercy in store. Joseph settled at last, that one of them should be left, and the rest go home and fetch Benjamin. It was a very encouraging word he said to them, “I fear God;” as if he had said, You may be assured I will do you no wrong; I dare not, for I know there is one higher than I. With those that fear God, we may expect fair dealing.

vv21-24

The office of conscience is to bring to mind things long since said and done. When the guilt of this sin of Joseph's brethren was fresh, they made light of it, and sat down to eat bread; but now, long afterward, their consciences accused them of it. See the good of afflictions; they often prove the happy means of awakening conscience, and bringing sin to our remembrance. Also, the evil of guilt as to our brethren. Conscience now reproached them for it. Whenever we think we have wrong done us, we ought to remember the wrong we have done to others. Reuben alone remembered with comfort, that he had done what he could to prevent the mischief. When we share with others in their sufferings, it will be a comfort if we have the testimony of our consciences for us, that we did not share in their evil deeds, but in our places witnessed against them. Joseph retired to weep. Though his reason directed that he should still carry himself as a stranger, because they were not as yet humbled enough, yet natural affection could not but work.

Cross References

Genesis 42
v6Genesis 37:7fulfillment

Joseph's brethren bow down to the earth, fulfilling his first dream of the sheaves.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v24Genesis 43:30thematic

Joseph's intense natural affection forces him to seek a private place to weep.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Acts 7:12allusion

Stephen's speech explicitly references Jacob hearing of corn in Egypt and sending his sons.

Supported by John Calvin

v9Genesis 37:5-9fulfillment

Joseph remembers his prophetic dreams of his family bowing down to him.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v22Genesis 37:21allusion

Reuben's reminder of his earlier attempt to rescue and deliver Joseph from their conspiracy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Genesis 9:5thematic

Reuben recognizes the divine law where a brother's blood is strictly required.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v36Romans 8:28contrast

Jacob says 'all these things are against me,' contrasting God's purpose of working all for good.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Genesis 44:20-22thematic

The sons repeat that one brother is with their father and 'one is not' before Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v18Nehemiah 5:15thematic

Joseph's assertion 'for I fear God' mirrors Nehemiah's restraint because of the fear of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 37:23-28allusion

The original distress of Joseph they ignored, now remembered in their own hour of distress.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v24Genesis 29:33thematic

Simeon (whose name relates to hearing) is bound because he heard not Joseph's anguish.

Supported by JFB

v27Genesis 43:21thematic

The brothers recount discovering their money in their sacks when they opened them.

Supported by JFB

v27Genesis 42:35thematic

The full realization and terror of finding all their money restored in their sacks.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v38Genesis 44:29allusion

Jacob's identical, grief-stricken warning about bringing his gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Jeremiah 31:15thematic

The Hebrew euphemism 'one is not' is used here and later of Ephraim/Rachel's children.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Matthew 5:33-37contrast

Joseph's Egyptian oath 'by the life of Pharaoh' contrasted with Christ's teaching on swearing.

Supported by JFB

v21Proverbs 21:13thematic

Since they stopped their ears to Joseph's cry, they now face unanswered distress.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 44:16thematic

The continuing work of conscience leading the brothers to confess God has found out their iniquity.

Supported by JFB

v37Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah's more acceptable suretyship of Benjamin, contrasting Reuben's rash offer of his sons' lives.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v38Genesis 44:27-34allusion

Judah later repeats this exact defense of Jacob's deep attachment to Benjamin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Exodus 20:18thematic

The verb 'saw' is used in the sense of 'heard' or perceived, as in Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Genesis 43:29thematic

Jacob keeps Benjamin back; he is Joseph's full brother, highly beloved and protected.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v13Genesis 37:30thematic

Reuben previously used 'the child is not' to describe the missing Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 11:7thematic

The use of translation and different languages to conceal identity and understanding.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Proverbs 18:23thematic

Joseph as the rich ruler speaking roughly, fulfilling the proverbial description of the powerful.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Genesis 45:9thematic

Canaan is geographically and spiritually higher; going to Egypt is described as going 'down'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Luke 24:16thematic

Joseph is unrecognized by his brethren, similar to Jesus' appearance on the Emmaus road.

Supported by Matthew Henry