Genesis29
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Then Jacob went on his journey, and came to the land of the children of the east.
2He looked, and saw a well in the field, and saw three flocks of sheep lying there by it. For out of that well they watered the flocks. The stone on the well’s mouth was large.
3There all the flocks were gathered. They rolled the stone from the well’s mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone back on the well’s mouth in its place.
4Jacob said to them, “My relatives, where are you from?” They said, “We are from Haran.”
5He said to them, “Do you know Laban, the son of Nahor?” They said, “We know him.”
6He said to them, “Is it well with him?” They said, “It is well. See, Rachel, his daughter, is coming with the sheep.”
7He said, “Behold, it is still the middle of the day, not time to gather the livestock together. Water the sheep, and go and feed them.”
8They said, “We can’t, until all the flocks are gathered together, and they roll the stone from the well’s mouth. Then we will water the sheep.”
9While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father’s sheep, for she kept them.
10When Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban, his mother’s brother, and the sheep of Laban, his mother’s brother, Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well’s mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother’s brother.
11Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept.
12Jacob told Rachel that he was her father’s relative, and that he was Rebekah’s son. She ran and told her father.
13When Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister’s son, he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things.
14Laban said to him, “Surely you are my bone and my flesh.” Jacob stayed with him for a month.
15Laban said to Jacob, “Because you are my relative, should you therefore serve me for nothing? Tell me, what will your wages be?”
16Laban had two daughters. The name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.
17Leah’s eyes were weak, but Rachel was beautiful in form and attractive.
18Jacob loved Rachel. He said, “I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter.”
19Laban said, “It is better that I give her to you, than that I should give her to another man. Stay with me.”
20Jacob served seven years for Rachel. They seemed to him but a few days, for the love he had for her.
21Jacob said to Laban, “Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in to her.”
22Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast.
23In the evening, he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to Jacob. He went in to her.
24Laban gave Zilpah his servant to his daughter Leah for a servant.
25In the morning, behold, it was Leah! He said to Laban, “What is this you have done to me? Didn’t I serve with you for Rachel? Why then have you deceived me?”
26Laban said, “It is not done so in our place, to give the younger before the firstborn.
27Fulfill the week of this one, and we will give you the other also for the service which you will serve with me for seven more years.”
28Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week. He gave him Rachel his daughter as wife.
29Laban gave Bilhah, his servant, to his daughter Rachel to be her servant.
30He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him seven more years.
31Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren.
32Leah conceived, and bore a son, and she named him Reuben. For she said, “Because Yahweh has looked at my affliction; for now my husband will love me.”
33She conceived again, and bore a son, and said, “Because Yahweh has heard that I am hated, he has therefore given me this son also.” She named him Simeon.
34She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, “Now this time my husband will be joined to me, because I have borne him three sons.” Therefore his name was called Levi.
35She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, “This time I will praise Yahweh.” Therefore she named him Judah. Then she stopped bearing.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 29.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jacob comes to the well of Haran. (1–8). His interview with Rachel, Laban entertains him. (9–14). Jacob's covenant for Rachel, Laban's deceit. (15–30). Leah's sons. (31–35).
vv1-8
Jacob proceeded cheerfully in his journey, after the sweet communion he had with God at Beth-el. Providence brought him to the field where his uncle's flocks were to be watered. What is said of the care of the shepherds for their sheep, may remind us of the tender concern which our Lord Jesus, the great Shepherd of the sheep, has for his flock the church; for he is the good Shepherd, that knows his sheep, and is known of them. The stone at the well's mouth was to secure it; water was scarce, it was not there for every one's use: but separate interests should not take us from helping one another. When all the shepherds came together with their flocks, then, like loving neighbours, they watered their flocks together. The law of kindness in the tongue has a commanding power, Pr 31:26. Jacob was civil to these strangers, and he found them civil to him.
vv9-14
See Rachel's humility and industry. Nobody needs to be ashamed of honest, useful labour, nor ought it to hinder any one's preferment. When Jacob understood that this was his kinswoman, he was very ready to serve her. Laban, though not the best humoured, bade him welcome, and was satisfied with the account Jacob gave of himself. While we avoid being foolishly ready to believe every thing which is told us, we must take heed of being uncharitably suspicious.
vv15-30
During the month that Jacob spent as a guest, he was not idle. Wherever we are, it is good to employ ourselves in some useful business. Laban was desirous that Jacob should continue with him. Inferior relations must not be imposed upon; it is our duty to reward them. Jacob made known to Laban the affection he had for his daughter Rachel. And having no wordly goods with which to endow her, he promises seven years' service Love makes long and hard services short and easy; hence we read of the labour of love, Heb 6:10. If we know how to value the happiness of heaven, the sufferings of this present time will be as nothing to us. An age of work will be but as a few days to those that love God, and long for Christ's appearing. Jacob, who had imposed upon his father, is imposed upon by Laban, his father-in-law, by a like deception. Herein, how unrighteous soever Laban was, the Lord was righteous: see Jud 1:7. Even the righteous, if they take a false step, are sometimes thus recompensed in the earth. And many who are not, like Jacob, in their marriage, disappointed in person, soon find themselves, as much to their grief, disappointed in the character. The choice of that relation ought to be made with good advice and thought on both sides. There is reason to believe that Laban's excuse was not true. His way of settling the matter made bad worse. Jacob was drawn into the disquiet of multiplying wives. He could not refuse Rachel, for he had espoused her; still less could he refuse Leah. As yet there was no express command against marrying more than one wife. It was in the patriarchs a sin of ignorance; but it will not justify the like practice now, when God's will is plainly made known by the Divine law, Le 18:18, and more fully since, by our Saviour, that one man and woman only must be joined together, 1Co 7:2.
Key Words
יַעֲקֹב: Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
נָשָׂא: to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
רֶגֶל: a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
יָלַךְ: to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
קֶדֶם: the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
הִנֵּה: lo!
בְּאֵר: a pit; especially a well
Cross References
Genesis 29The explicit prophetic summary of Jacob fleeing to Syria, serving for a wife, and keeping sheep.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Clear parallel of a future deliverer meeting his bride (Zipporah) at a well where she watered sheep.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The primordial formula of kinship and covenant identity ('bone of my bones, flesh of my flesh').
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob, who deceived Isaac, is himself deceived by Laban; a direct measure-for-measure recompense.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law regarding a man having two wives, one beloved and another hated (Leah).
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel setting where Abraham's servant met Rebekah at a well outside Haran.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the Ancient Near Eastern custom of paying a bride price (mohar) or service for a wife.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The mosaic law regarding the dowry of virgins, validating Jacob's labor as a bride-price.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the ancient custom of the bridal week (fulfilling her week) spent in celebration.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Later Mosaic law specifically forbids marrying a woman and her sister simultaneously.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The name Levi (meaning 'joined') is linked to the tribe's priestly joining to God's service.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob's blessing on Judah, whose name means 'praise' and from whom the Messiah came.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Connects Jacob's arrival in Haran back to Rebekah's command to flee from Esau's wrath.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Jacob's emotional weeping and kissing upon meeting close kin after long separation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
A later biblical usage of the idiom 'your bone and your flesh' to appeal to tribal kinship.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob references his fourteen years of total service for Laban's two daughters.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Verbal link where Jacob accused Laban of beguiling him, echoing Isaac's charge against Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The Hebrew idiom of 'hated' used comparatively for loving one less, as with Leah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the region of Mesopotamia/Haran as 'the land of the people of the East'.
Supported by JFB
Further biblical usage designating the nomadic peoples of Mesopotamia as 'children of the East'.
Supported by JFB
Rebekah coming out to water her flock, mirroring Rachel's sudden arrival at the well.
Supported by JFB
Jacob later recounts the exact terms of his fourteen years of grueling service for Laban's daughters.
Supported by JFB
Hannah's prayer echoes Leah's words, asking God to look on her affliction.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Genealogy of Jesus Christ, who descended from Judah (praise) according to the flesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the idiom 'we cannot' as expressing local customs, laws, or strict social boundaries.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the bridal veil custom that allowed Laban to substitute Leah for Rachel.
Supported by JFB
The custom of giving a maidservant to a daughter upon her marriage.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Affirms that children and the opening of the womb are a heritage from the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry