Genesis 43WEB
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Genesis43

World English Bible · Public Domain

1The famine was severe in the land.

2When they had eaten up the grain which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said to them, “Go again, buy us a little more food.”

3Judah spoke to him, saying, “The man solemnly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’

4If you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy you food;

5but if you don’t send him, we won’t go down, for the man said to us, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’”

6Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?”

7They said, “The man asked directly concerning ourselves, and concerning our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?’ We just answered his questions. Is there any way we could know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down’?”

8Judah said to Israel, his father, “Send the boy with me, and we’ll get up and go, so that we may live, and not die, both we, and you, and also our little ones.

9I’ll be collateral for him. From my hand will you require him. If I don’t bring him to you, and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever;

10for if we hadn’t delayed, surely we would have returned a second time by now.”

11Their father, Israel, said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take from the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man, a little balm, a little honey, spices and myrrh, nuts, and almonds;

12and take double money in your hand, and take back the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Perhaps it was an oversight.

13Take your brother also, get up, and return to the man.

14May God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may release to you your other brother and Benjamin. If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.”

15The men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and got up, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.

16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, “Bring the men into the house, and butcher an animal, and prepare; for the men will dine with me at noon.”

17The man did as Joseph commanded, and the man brought the men to Joseph’s house.

18The men were afraid, because they were brought to Joseph’s house; and they said, “Because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time, we’re brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, attack us, and seize us as slaves, along with our donkeys.”

19They came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they spoke to him at the door of the house,

20and said, “Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food.

21When we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and behold, each man’s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. We have brought it back in our hand.

22We have brought down other money in our hand to buy food. We don’t know who put our money in our sacks.”

23He said, “Peace be to you. Don’t be afraid. Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.” He brought Simeon out to them.

24The man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet. He gave their donkeys fodder.

25They prepared the present for Joseph’s coming at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there.

26When Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves down to the earth before him.

27He asked them of their welfare, and said, “Is your father well, the old man of whom you spoke? Is he yet alive?”

28They said, “Your servant, our father, is well. He is still alive.” They bowed down humbly.

29He lifted up his eyes, and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother’s son, and said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” He said, “God be gracious to you, my son.”

30Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there.

31He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, “Serve the meal.”

32They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because the Egyptians don’t eat with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians.

33They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled with one another.

34He sent portions to them from before him, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank, and were merry with him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 43.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1–14). Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15–25). Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26–34).

vv1-14

Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, etc. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.

vv15-25

Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.

vv26-34

Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.

Cross References

Genesis 43
v11Genesis 37:25thematic

Lists identical commodities (balm, spices, myrrh) carried by Ishmeelite traders from Gilead.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v26Genesis 42:6fulfillment

Direct fulfillment of Joseph's prophetic dreams as his brothers bow down before him in his house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Genesis 37:7-10fulfillment

The brothers make obeisance, fulfilling Joseph's early dreams of their sheaves bowing to his.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32 Samuel 14:24thematic

Absalom's banishment from the king's presence uses the exact idiomatic warning: "let him not see my face."

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Genesis 44:32thematic

Judah directly references his surety pledge to his father in his final plea to Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Esther 4:16thematic

Esther's formula of resignation ("if I perish, I perish") echoes Jacob's "if I be bereaved, I am bereaved."

Supported by Matthew Poole

v301 Kings 3:26thematic

Verbal parallel of intense brotherly/motherly compassion: 'bowels did yearn' (or yearn upon them).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Genesis 46:34thematic

Explains why eating with Hebrews was an abomination, noting Egyptian cultural prejudice against shepherds.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 42:38thematic

Jacob's initial refusal to let Benjamin go, which is here overcome by starvation.

Supported by JFB

v9Hebrews 7:22typology

Judah acts as a surety for Benjamin, typifying Jesus as the surety of a better covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Proverbs 21:14thematic

Illustrates the wisdom of pacifying anger through a gift, a strategy Jacob previously used with Esau.

Supported by JFB

v11Genesis 32:13-21thematic

Jacob's parallel strategy of sending a present to appease an offended authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Genesis 42:35thematic

The initial discovery of the money returned in their sacks that caused their fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21Genesis 42:27-35thematic

Details the brothers' original terrifying discovery of the money returned in their sacks.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Genesis 45:1thematic

Parallels Joseph's struggle to control his deep emotions before finally revealing himself to his brothers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Genesis 42:2thematic

Jacob repeating the command to go down and buy food to survive.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Genesis 42:13thematic

The brothers' earlier testimony regarding their family structure that prompted Joseph's demand.

Supported by John Calvin

v14Genesis 17:1thematic

Jacob invokes the covenant name 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), first revealed to Abraham here.

Supported by John Calvin

v16Genesis 31:54thematic

An earlier example of slaughtering animals for a solemn covenant feast.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 42:28thematic

Their initial terror in the way when they found the money, now intensified at Joseph's house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v321 Samuel 9:22thematic

Parallels the seating of honored guests in a special place of dignity during a banquet.

Supported by JFB

v32Exodus 8:26thematic

Further illustrates things associated with the Hebrews that were considered an abomination to Egyptians.

Supported by JFB

v341 Samuel 9:23thematic

Parallels the ancient custom of sending a special, larger mess of food to honor a preferred guest.

Supported by JFB

v3Genesis 44:23thematic

Reiteration of Joseph's solemn warning regarding the presence of Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v21Genesis 43:12thematic

References Jacob's explicit instruction to return the oversight money in full weight.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 18:4thematic

Standard Oriental custom of hospitality: providing water for guests to wash their feet.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Genesis 39:6thematic

Highlights early Egyptian boundaries regarding food, as Potiphar left all save his own bread to Joseph.

Supported by JFB

v34Genesis 45:22thematic

Joseph's continued favoritism toward Benjamin to test his brothers' jealousy, giving him greater gifts.

Supported by Matthew Henry