Exodus8
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Yahweh spoke to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh says, “Let my people go, that they may serve me.
2If you refuse to let them go, behold, I will plague all your borders with frogs.
3The river will swarm with frogs, which will go up and come into your house, and into your bedroom, and on your bed, and into the house of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs.
4The frogs shall come up both on you, and on your people, and on all your servants.”’”
5Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your rod over the rivers, over the streams, and over the pools, and cause frogs to come up on the land of Egypt.’”
6Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.
7The magicians did the same thing with their enchantments, and brought up frogs on the land of Egypt.
8Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, “Entreat Yahweh, that he take away the frogs from me and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may sacrifice to Yahweh.”
9Moses said to Pharaoh, “I give you the honor of setting the time that I should pray for you, and for your servants, and for your people, that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, and remain in the river only.”
10Pharaoh said, “Tomorrow.” Moses said, “Let it be according to your word, that you may know that there is no one like Yahweh our God.
11The frogs shall depart from you, and from your houses, and from your servants, and from your people. They shall remain in the river only.”
12Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried to Yahweh concerning the frogs which he had brought on Pharaoh.
13Yahweh did according to the word of Moses, and the frogs died out of the houses, out of the courts, and out of the fields.
14They gathered them together in heaps, and the land stank.
15But when Pharaoh saw that there was a respite, he hardened his heart, and didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.
16Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your rod, and strike the dust of the earth, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt.’”
17They did so; and Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and struck the dust of the earth, and there were lice on man, and on animal; all the dust of the earth became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.
18The magicians tried with their enchantments to produce lice, but they couldn’t. There were lice on man, and on animal.
19Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is God’s finger;” but Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.
20Yahweh said to Moses, “Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; behold, he comes out to the water; and tell him, ‘This is what Yahweh says, “Let my people go, that they may serve me.
21Else, if you will not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies on you, and on your servants, and on your people, and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground they are on.
22I will set apart in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there, to the end you may know that I am Yahweh on the earth.
23I will put a division between my people and your people. This sign shall happen by tomorrow.”’”
24Yahweh did so; and there came grievous swarms of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants’ houses. In all the land of Egypt the land was corrupted by reason of the swarms of flies.
25Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God in the land!”
26Moses said, “It isn’t appropriate to do so; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to Yahweh our God. Behold, if we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, won’t they stone us?
27We will go three days’ journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to Yahweh our God, as he shall command us.”
28Pharaoh said, “I will let you go, that you may sacrifice to Yahweh your God in the wilderness, only you shall not go very far away. Pray for me.”
29Moses said, “Behold, I am going out from you. I will pray to Yahweh that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, tomorrow; only don’t let Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to Yahweh.”
30Moses went out from Pharaoh, and prayed to Yahweh.
31Yahweh did according to the word of Moses, and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. There remained not one.
32Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also, and he didn’t let the people go.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 8.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The plague of frogs. (1–15). The plague of lice. (16–19). The plague of flies. (20–32).
vv1-15
Pharaoh is plagued with frogs; their vast numbers made them sore plagues to the Egyptians. God could have plagued Egypt with lions, or bears, or wolves, or with birds of prey, but he chose to do it by these despicable creatures. God, when he pleases, can arm the smallest parts of the creation against us. He thereby humbled Pharaoh. They should neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep in quiet; but wherever they were, they should be troubled by the frogs. God's curse upon a man will pursue him wherever he goes, and lie heavy upon him whatever he does. Pharaoh gave way under this plague. He promises that he will let the people go. Those who bid defiance to God and prayer, first or last, will be made to see their need of both. But when Pharaoh saw there was respite, he hardened his heart. Till the heart is renewed by the grace of God, the thoughts made by affliction do not abide; the convictions wear off, and the promises that were given are forgotten. Till the state of the air is changed, what thaws in the sun will freeze again in the shade.
vv16-19
These lice were produced out of the dust of the earth; out of any part of the creation God can fetch a scourge, with which to correct those who rebel against him. Even the dust of the earth obeys him. These lice were very troublesome, as well as disgraceful to the Egyptians, whose priests were obliged to take much pains that no vermin ever should be found about them. All the plagues inflicted on the Egyptians, had reference to their national crimes, or were rendered particularly severe by their customs. The magicians attempted to imitate it, but they could not. It forced them to confess, This is the finger of God! The check and restraint put upon us, must needs be from a Divine power. Sooner or later God will force even his enemies to acknowledge his own power. Pharaoh, notwithstanding this, was more and more obstinate.
vv20-32
Pharaoh was early at his false devotions to the river; and shall we be for more sleep and more slumber, when any service to the Lord is to be done? The Egyptians and the Hebrews were to be marked in the plague of flies. The Lord knows them that are his, and will make it appear, perhaps in this world, certainly in the other, that he has set them apart for himself. Pharaoh unwillingly entered into a treaty with Moses and Aaron. He is content they should sacrifice to their God, provided they would do it in the land of Egypt. But it would be an abomination to God, should they offer the Egyptian sacrifices; and it would be an abomination to the Egyptians, should they offer to God the objects of the worship of the Egyptians, namely, their calves or oxen. Those who would offer acceptable sacrifice to God, must separate themselves from the wicked and profane. They must also retire from the world. Israel cannot keep the feast of the Lord, either among the brick-kilns or among the flesh-pots of Egypt. And they must sacrifice as God shall command, not otherwise. Though they were in slavery to Pharaoh, yet they must obey God's commands. Pharaoh consents for them to go into the wilderness, provided they do not go so far but that he might fetch them back again. Thus, some sinners, in a pang of conviction, part with their sins, yet are loth they should go very far away; for when the fright is over, they will turn to them again. Moses promised the removal of this plague. But let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more. Be not deceived; God is not mocked: if we think to cheat God by a sham repentance and a false surrender of ourselves to him, we shall put a fatal cheat upon our own souls. Pharaoh returned to his hardness. Reigning lusts break through the strongest bonds, and make men presume and go from their word. Many seem in earnest, but there is some reserve, some beloved, secret sin. They are unwilling to look upon themselves as in danger of everlasting misery. They will refrain from other sins; they do much, give much, and even punish themselves much. They will leave it off sometimes, and, as it were, let their sin depart a little way; but will not make up their minds to part with all and follow Christ, bearing the cross. Rather than that, they venture all. They are sorrowful, but depart from Christ, determined to keep the world at present, and they hope for some future season, when salvation may be had without such costly sacrifices; but, at length, the poor sinner is driven away in his wickedness, and left without hope to lament his folly.
Key Words
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
פַּרְעֹה: Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
עָבַד: to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
מָאֵן: unwilling
Cross References
Exodus 8The 'finger of God' phrase is also used for the writing of the Law on stone tablets.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus casts out demons 'by the finger of God,' showing His superior power over Satanic magicians.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Paul names Jannes and Jambres, the magicians who resisted Moses through deceptive, demonic counterfeits.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The magicians' folly is made manifest to all when they fail to produce the lice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Retrospective Psalm describing the swarm of flies sent as a judgment on Egypt.
Supported by JFB
Explains the concept of the 'abomination of the Egyptians' regarding Hebrew occupations and sacrifices.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the original divine mandate to go a three days' journey into the wilderness to sacrifice.
Historical psalm celebrating how the waters of Egypt brought forth frogs abundantly in royal chambers.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Pharaoh repeatedly begs for intercession to remove plagues, only to harden his heart afterward.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Praise celebrating that there is 'none like unto the Lord our God' in power and glory.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Psalmic recount of God speaking and causing the plague of lice throughout their coasts.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical psalm commemorating the plague of flies and lice sent by God's command.
Echoes the theme of God putting a clear division between Egypt and Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Moses' warning to Pharaoh not to mock or deal deceitfully with God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the warning against dealing deceitfully when requesting prayer and promising obedience.
Highlights the repeating pattern of Pharaoh hardening his heart as soon as there was respite.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Unclean spirits like frogs come out of the mouth of the dragon, echoing this plague.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Like Pharaoh, the Jews falsely repented during crisis but quickly turned back to their sins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Philistines warn against hardening hearts as Pharaoh and the Egyptians did.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Theological parallel of God making a distinction between those who serve Him and those who do not.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Subsequent plague repeats the miraculous severing of Goshen to spare Israel's livestock.
Reiterates that Israel must leave completely to serve God precisely as He commands.
Pharaoh repeatedly begs Moses to entreat the Lord for relief under duress.
The consistent demand of Yahweh to Pharaoh: 'Let my people go, that they may serve me.'
Supported by John Calvin
The pattern of desperate sinners pleading for intercession to take away divine judgments.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
A parallel description of a plague rotting and making the land stink with stench.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses is again commanded to confront Pharaoh early in the morning by the water's edge.
Supported by JFB