Exodus 7WEB
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Exodus7

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Yahweh said to Moses, “Behold, I have made you as God to Pharaoh; and Aaron your brother shall be your prophet.

2You shall speak all that I command you; and Aaron your brother shall speak to Pharaoh, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land.

3I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

4But Pharaoh will not listen to you, so I will lay my hand on Egypt, and bring out my armies, my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

5The Egyptians shall know that I am Yahweh when I stretch out my hand on Egypt, and bring the children of Israel out from among them.”

6Moses and Aaron did so. As Yahweh commanded them, so they did.

7Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old, when they spoke to Pharaoh.

8Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,

9“When Pharaoh speaks to you, saying, ‘Perform a miracle!’ then you shall tell Aaron, ‘Take your rod, and cast it down before Pharaoh, and it will become a serpent.’”

10Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh, and they did so, as Yahweh had commanded. Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

11Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers. They also, the magicians of Egypt, did the same thing with their enchantments.

12For they each cast down their rods, and they became serpents; but Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods.

13Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.

14Yahweh said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is stubborn. He refuses to let the people go.

15Go to Pharaoh in the morning. Behold, he is going out to the water. You shall stand by the river’s bank to meet him. You shall take the rod which was turned to a serpent in your hand.

16You shall tell him, ‘Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to you, saying, “Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness. Behold, until now you haven’t listened.”

17Yahweh says, “In this you shall know that I am Yahweh. Behold: I will strike with the rod that is in my hand on the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

18The fish that are in the river will die and the river will become foul. The Egyptians will loathe to drink water from the river.”’”

19Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your rod, and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become blood. There will be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.’”

20Moses and Aaron did so, as Yahweh commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

21The fish that were in the river died. The river became foul. The Egyptians couldn’t drink water from the river. The blood was throughout all the land of Egypt.

22The magicians of Egypt did the same thing with their enchantments. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.

23Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and he didn’t even take this to heart.

24All the Egyptians dug around the river for water to drink; for they couldn’t drink the river water.

25Seven days were fulfilled, after Yahweh had struck the river.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 7.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Moses and Aaron encouraged. (1–7). The rods turned into serpents, Pharaoh's heart is hardened. (8–13). The river is turned into blood, The distress of the Egyptians. (14–25).

vv1-7

God glorifies himself. He makes people know that he is Jehovah. Israel is made to know it by the performance of his promises to them, and the Egyptians by the pouring out of his wrath upon them. Moses, as the ambassador of Jehovah, speaking in his name, laid commands upon Pharaoh, denounced threatenings against him, and called for judgments upon him. Pharaoh, proud and great as he was, could not resist. Moses stood not in awe of Pharaoh, but made him tremble. This seems to be meant in the words, Thou shalt be a god unto Pharaoh. At length Moses is delivered from his fears. He makes no more objections, but, being strengthened in faith, goes about his work with courage, and proceeds in it with perseverance.

vv8-13

What men dislike, because it opposes their pride and lusts, they will not be convinced of; but it is easy to cause them to believe things they wish to be true. God always sends with his word full proofs of its Divine authority; but when men are bent to disobey, and willing to object, he often permits a snare to be laid wherein they are entangled. The magicians were cheats, trying to copy the real miracles of Moses by secret sleights or jugglings, which to a small extent they succeeded in doing, so as to deceive the bystanders, but they were at length obliged to confess they could not any longer imitate the effects of Divine power. None assist more in the destruction of sinners, than such as resist the truth by amusing men with a counterfeit resemblance of it. Satan is most to be dreaded when transformed into an angel of light.

vv14-25

Here is the first of the ten plagues, the turning of the water into blood. It was a dreadful plague. The sight of such vast rolling streams of blood could not but strike horror. Nothing is more common than water: so wisely has Providence ordered it, and so kindly, that what is so needful and serviceable to the comfort of human life, should be cheap and almost every where to be had; but now the Egyptians must either drink blood, or die for thirst. Egypt was a pleasant land, but the dead fish and blood now rendered it very unpleasant. It was a righteous plague, and justly sent upon the Egyptians; for Nile, the river of Egypt, was their idol. That creature which we idolize, God justly takes from us, or makes bitter to us. They had stained the river with the blood of the Hebrews' children, and now God made that river all blood. Never any thirsted after blood, but sooner or later they had enough of it. It was a significant plague; Egypt had great dependence upon their river, Zec 14:18; so that in smiting the river, they were warned of the destruction of all the produce of their country. The love of Christ to his disciples changes all their common mercies into spiritual blessings; the anger of God towards his enemies, renders their most valued advantages a curse and a misery to them. Aaron is to summon the plague by smiting the river with his rod. It was done in the sight of Pharaoh and his attendants, for God's true miracles were not performed as Satan's lying wonders; truth seeks no corners. See the almighty power of God. Every creature is that to us which he makes it to be water or blood. See what changes we may meet with in the things of this world; what is always vain, may soon become vexatious. See what mischievous work sin makes. If the things that have been our comforts prove our crosses, we must thank ourselves. It is sin that turns our waters into blood. The plague continued seven days; and in all that time Pharaoh's proud heart would not let him desire Moses to pray for the removal of it. Thus the hypocrites in heart heap up wrath. No wonder that God's anger is not turned away, but that his hand is stretched out still.

Cross References

Exodus 7
v1Exodus 4:16thematic

Establishes Aaron as the spokesman/prophet to Moses, who acts as God's representative.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v21Exodus 7:18fulfillment

Directly fulfills God's warning in verse 18 that the Egyptians would loathe to drink of the river.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v112 Timothy 3:8allusion

Explicitly names the Egyptian magicians (Jannes and Jambres) who withstood Moses and Aaron.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Exodus 8:7thematic

Shows the magicians copying the subsequent plague, reinforcing their role in Pharaoh's self-deception.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v3Exodus 4:21thematic

The initial divine warning that God would harden Pharaoh's heart to display His power.

Supported by John Calvin

v17Exodus 1:22contrast

Poetic justice: Egypt cast Israel's male infants into the Nile; their river is turned to blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Psalms 105:29allusion

Historical psalm commemorating the first plague, specifically noting their waters were turned to blood.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Psalms 105:29thematic

An inspired historical summary of this first plague, describing how God turned their waters to blood.

v222 Timothy 3:8allusion

Paul names Jannes and Jambres as the specific Egyptian magicians who resisted Moses.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1John 10:35thematic

Jesus references the Old Testament usage of calling those to whom the word of God came 'gods'.

Supported by John Calvin

v12Exodus 8:19thematic

The eventual admission by the magicians of 'the finger of God' after failing later plagues.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The third vial plague in Revelation mimics the first plague, turning waters to blood in judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Exodus 7:13thematic

Connects Pharaoh's hardened response here directly back to God's prediction in verse 13.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v23Exodus 9:21thematic

Verbal parallel where Pharaoh again does not 'set his heart' to God's warnings.

v7Acts 7:30thematic

Stephen confirms Moses' age of forty when fleeing, and forty years in Midian before this mission.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Exodus 4:2thematic

The initial identification of the shepherd's rod that becomes God's instrument of signs.

Supported by JFB

v17Exodus 5:2contrast

Pharaoh asked, 'Who is the Lord?'; God now answers, 'In this thou shalt know...'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Isaiah 19:8thematic

Echoes the judgment on Egypt's economy and fishing, which died with the river's pollution.

v25Exodus 8:9thematic

Highlights the seven days' duration of the first plague, preceding Moses's next warning to Pharaoh.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Psalms 105:26thematic

The Psalmist celebrates Moses His servant and Aaron whom He had chosen to perform signs.

Supported by John Calvin

v122 Timothy 3:9thematic

Points to the ultimate exposure and limits of the magicians' deceptive folly before God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Exodus 3:18thematic

The identical request first commanded by God to be spoken before Pharaoh.

Supported by JFB