Exodus 3WEB
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Exodus3

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now Moses was keeping the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the back of the wilderness, and came to God’s mountain, to Horeb.

2Yahweh’s angel appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the middle of a bush. He looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.

3Moses said, “I will go now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burned.”

4When Yahweh saw that he came over to see, God called to him out of the middle of the bush, and said, “Moses! Moses!” He said, “Here I am.”

5He said, “Don’t come close. Take off your sandals, for the place you are standing on is holy ground.”

6Moreover he said, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Moses hid his face because he was afraid to look at God.

7Yahweh said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.

8I have come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land to a good and large land, to a land flowing with milk and honey; to the place of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

9Now, behold, the cry of the children of Israel has come to me. Moreover I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians oppress them.

10Come now therefore, and I will send you to Pharaoh, that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.”

11Moses said to God, “Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?”

12He said, “Certainly I will be with you. This will be the token to you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain.”

13Moses said to God, “Behold, when I come to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what should I tell them?”

14God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM,” and he said, “You shall tell the children of Israel this: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”

15God said moreover to Moses, “You shall tell the children of Israel this, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and this is my memorial to all generations.

16Go and gather the elders of Israel together, and tell them, ‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying, “I have surely visited you, and seen that which is done to you in Egypt.

17I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”’

18They will listen to your voice. You shall come, you and the elders of Israel, to the king of Egypt, and you shall tell him, ‘Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to Yahweh, our God.’

19I know that the king of Egypt won’t give you permission to go, no, not by a mighty hand.

20I will reach out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do among them, and after that he will let you go.

21I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and it will happen that when you go, you shall not go empty-handed.

22But every woman shall ask of her neighbor, and of her who visits her house, jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing. You shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall plunder the Egyptians.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God appears to Moses in a burning bush. (1–6). God sends Moses to deliver Israel. (7–10). The name Jehovah. (11–15). The deliverance of the Israelites promised. (16–22).

vv1-6

The years of the life of Moses are divided into three forties; the first forty he spent as a prince in Pharaoh's court, the second as a shepherd in Midian, the third as a king in Jeshurun. How changeable is the life of man! The first appearance of God to Moses, found him tending sheep. This seems a poor employment for a man of his parts and education, yet he rests satisfied with it; and thus learns meekness and contentment, for which he is more noted in sacred writ, than for all his learning. Satan loves to find us idle; God is pleased when he finds us employed. Being alone, is a good friend to our communion with God. To his great surprise, Moses saw a bush burning without fire to kindle it. The bush burned, and yet did not burn away; an emblem of the church in bondage in Egypt. And it fitly reminds us of the church in every age, under its severest persecutions kept by the presence of God from being destroyed. Fire is an emblem, in Scripture, of the Divine holiness and justice, also of the afflictions and trials with which God proves and purifies his people, and even of that baptism of the Holy Ghost, by which sinful affections are consumed, and the soul changed into the Divine nature and image. God gave Moses a gracious call, to which he returned a ready answer. Those that would have communion with God, must attend upon him in the ordinances wherein he is pleased to manifest himself and his glory, though it be in a bush. Putting off the shoe was a token of respect and submission. We ought to draw nigh to God with a solemn pause and preparation, carefully avoiding every thing that looks light and rude, and unbecoming his service. God does not say, I was the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but I am. The patriarchs still live, so many years after their bodies have been in the grave. No length of time can separate the souls of the just from their Maker. By this, God instructed Moses as to another world, and strengthened his belief of a future state. Thus it is interpreted by our Lord Jesus, who, from hence, proves that the dead are raised, Lu 20:37. Moses hid his face, as if both ashamed and afraid to look upon God. The more we see of God, and his grace, and covenant love, the more cause we shall see to worship him with reverence and godly fear.

vv7-10

God notices the afflictions of Israel. Their sorrows; even the secret sorrows of God's people are known to him. Their cry; God hears the cries of his afflicted people. The oppression they endured; the highest and greatest of their oppressors are not above him. God promises speedy deliverance by methods out of the common ways of providence. Those whom God, by his grace, delivers out of a spiritual Egypt, he will bring to a heavenly Canaan. (Ex 3:11-15)

vv11-15

Formerly Moses thought himself able to deliver Israel, and set himself to the work too hastily. Now, when the fittest person on earth for it, he knows his own weakness. This was the effect of more knowledge of God and of himself. Formerly, self-confidence mingled with strong faith and great zeal, now sinful distrust of God crept in under the garb of humility; so defective are the strongest graces and the best duties of the most eminent saints. But all objections are answered in, Certainly I will be with thee. That is enough. Two names God would now be known by. A name that denotes what he is in himself, I AM THAT I AM. This explains his name Jehovah, and signifies, 1. That he is self-existent: he has his being of himself. 2. That he is eternal and unchangeable, and always the same, yesterday, to-day, and for ever. 3. That he is incomprehensible; we cannot by searching find him out: this name checks all bold and curious inquiries concerning God. 4. That he is faithful and true to all his promises, unchangeable in his word as well as in his nature; let Israel know this, I AM hath sent me unto you. I am, and there is none else besides me. All else have their being from God, and are wholly dependent upon him. Also, here is a name that denotes what God is to his people. The Lord God of your fathers sent me unto you. Moses must revive among them the religion of their fathers, which was almost lost; and then they might expect the speedy performance of the promises made unto their fathers.

Cross References

Exodus 3
v2Acts 7:30allusion

Stephen's inspired rehearsal of Moses' life explicitly recounts this appearance of the Angel in Sinai's desert.

Supported by Matthew Poole, Calvin

v6Matthew 22:32allusion

Jesus quotes verse 6 here to prove the resurrection of the dead to the Sadducees.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21Exodus 12:36fulfillment

Direct historical fulfillment of God's promise that Israel would receive favor and spoil the Egyptians.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Exodus 12:35fulfillment

The literal execution of the command for women to borrow jewels of silver, gold, and raiment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Moses' final blessing invokes the favor of 'him that dwelt in the bush' as a lasting memorial.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14John 8:58allusion

Jesus claims the divine name 'I AM' from verse 14, asserting His self-existent deity.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 15:14fulfillment

Fulfillment of the ancient Abrahamic covenant promise that Israel would come out with great substance.

Supported by JFB, Matthew Poole

v21Exodus 11:3allusion

The direct narrative statement that God gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians.

v22Exodus 11:2allusion

The repeated instruction from God to Moses immediately prior to the final plague of Egypt.

The burning lamp and smoking furnace in Abraham's vision parallel the burning, unconsumed bush.

Supported by JFB

v6Hebrews 11:16allusion

Explains that God is 'not ashamed to be called their God' because He prepared their city.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Acts 7:34quotation

Stephen's speech directly quotes God's declaration that He has 'seen the affliction of my people'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Exodus 3:14thematic

Provides the immediate direct answer to Moses' question in verse 13 regarding God's name.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22Psalms 105:37thematic

Poetic celebration of God bringing Israel out of Egypt specifically with silver and gold.

v5Exodus 19:12thematic

Parallels the warning to set bounds and keep distance at holy Mount Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v61 Kings 19:13thematic

Elijah wraps his face in his mantle at Horeb, mimicking Moses hiding his face in fear.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Exodus 2:23-25thematic

The historical transition showing God remembering His covenant when Israel cried under taskmasters.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Genesis 50:24thematic

Joseph's dying prophecy that God will surely 'visit' you is fulfilled in the word spoken here.

Supported by JFB

v19Exodus 5:2contrast

Fulfills God's warning in verse 19, where Pharaoh defiantly asks, 'Who is the Lord?'

Supported by Matthew Henry

Legal parallel where Hebrew masters are commanded not to let their departing servants go empty.

v101 Samuel 12:8thematic

Samuel summarizes God sending Moses and Aaron to bring the fathers out of Egypt.

Supported by Calvin

v21Psalms 106:46thematic

Historical reflection on God making Israel to be pitied by their captors throughout their history.