Exodus4
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Moses answered, “But, behold, they will not believe me, nor listen to my voice; for they will say, ‘Yahweh has not appeared to you.’”
2Yahweh said to him, “What is that in your hand?” He said, “A rod.”
3He said, “Throw it on the ground.” He threw it on the ground, and it became a snake; and Moses ran away from it.
4Yahweh said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand, and take it by the tail.” He stretched out his hand, and took hold of it, and it became a rod in his hand.
5“This is so that they may believe that Yahweh, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”
6Yahweh said furthermore to him, “Now put your hand inside your cloak.” He put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, as white as snow.
7He said, “Put your hand inside your cloak again.” He put his hand inside his cloak again, and when he took it out of his cloak, behold, it had turned again as his other flesh.
8“It will happen, if they will not believe you or listen to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.
9It will happen, if they will not believe even these two signs or listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river, and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take out of the river will become blood on the dry land.”
10Moses said to Yahweh, “O Lord, I am not eloquent, neither before now, nor since you have spoken to your servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.”
11Yahweh said to him, “Who made man’s mouth? Or who makes one mute, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Isn’t it I, Yahweh?
12Now therefore go, and I will be with your mouth, and teach you what you shall speak.”
13Moses said, “Oh, Lord, please send someone else.”
14Yahweh’s anger burned against Moses, and he said, “What about Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well. Also, behold, he is coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.
15You shall speak to him, and put the words in his mouth. I will be with your mouth, and with his mouth, and will teach you what you shall do.
16He will be your spokesman to the people. It will happen that he will be to you a mouth, and you will be to him as God.
17You shall take this rod in your hand, with which you shall do the signs.”
18Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, “Please let me go and return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive.” Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
19Yahweh said to Moses in Midian, “Go, return into Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead.”
20Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. Moses took God’s rod in his hand.
21Yahweh said to Moses, “When you go back into Egypt, see that you do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your hand, but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people go.
22You shall tell Pharaoh, ‘Yahweh says, Israel is my son, my firstborn,
23and I have said to you, “Let my son go, that he may serve me;” and you have refused to let him go. Behold, I will kill your firstborn son.’”
24On the way at a lodging place, Yahweh met Moses and wanted to kill him.
25Then Zipporah took a flint, and cut off the foreskin of her son, and cast it at his feet; and she said, “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me.”
26So he let him alone. Then she said, “You are a bridegroom of blood,” because of the circumcision.
27Yahweh said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” He went, and met him on God’s mountain, and kissed him.
28Moses told Aaron all Yahweh’s words with which he had sent him, and all the signs with which he had instructed him.
29Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel.
30Aaron spoke all the words which Yahweh had spoken to Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people.
31The people believed, and when they heard that Yahweh had visited the children of Israel, and that he had seen their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God gives Moses power to work miracles. (1–9). Moses is loth to be sent, Aaron is to assist him. (10–17). Moses leaves Midian, God's message to Pharaoh. (18–23). God's displeasure against Moses, Aaron meets him, The people believe them. (24–31).
vv1-9
Moses objects, that the people would not take his word, unless he showed them some sign. God gives him power to work miracles. But those who are now employed to deliver God's messages to men, need not the power to work miracles: their character and their doctrines are to be tried by that word of God to which they appeal. These miracles especially referred to the miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ. It belonged to Him only, to cast the power of the devil out of the soul, and to heal the soul of the leprosy of sin; and so it was for Him first to cast the devil out of the body, and to heal the leprosy of the body.
vv10-17
Moses continued backward to the work God designed him for; there was much of cowardice, slothfulness, and unbelief in him. We must not judge of men by the readiness of their discourse. A great deal of wisdom and true worth may be with a slow tongue. God sometimes makes choice of those as his messengers, who have the least of the advantages of art or nature, that his grace in them may appear the more glorious. Christ's disciples were no orators, till the Holy Spirit made them such. God condescends to answer the excuse of Moses. Even self-diffidence, when it hinders us from duty, or clogs us in duty, is very displeasing to the Lord. But while we blame Moses for shrinking from this dangerous service, let us ask our own hearts if we are not neglecting duties more easy, and less perilous. The tongue of Aaron, with the head and heart of Moses, would make one completely fit for this errand. God promises, I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth. Even Aaron, who could speak well, yet could not speak to purpose, unless God gave constant teaching and help; for without the constant aid of Divine grace, the best gifts will fail.
vv18-23
After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to detain, but my son. It is my son that serves me, and therefore must be spared, must be pleaded for. In case of refusal I will slay thy son, even thy first-born. As men deal with God's people, let them expect so to be dealt with.
Key Words
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
הֵן: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
אָמַן: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קוֹל: a voice or sound
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
Exodus 4Direct parallel of a hand turned leprous as snow as a sign of divine power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct prophetic/typological application of God calling His son (Israel/Christ) out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts Moses' claim of being slow of speech with being 'mighty in words and deeds.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' promise to his disciples that it shall be given them what they shall speak.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming forth to meet Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul uses God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to explain divine sovereignty in election.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Cites Hosea 11:1 applying the 'my son' out of Egypt typology directly to Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The direct execution of the warning to slay Pharaoh's firstborn in the final plague.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The covenant penalty for uncircumcision explains why God met Moses in anger to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Clarifies the relationship where Moses is as God and Aaron is his prophet.
Verbal echo used by the angel to Joseph: 'for they are dead which sought the child's life.'
Identifies 'the adoption' as belonging to Israel, echoing their designation here as God's firstborn.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels Zipporah's use of a sharp stone/flint for the circumcision rite.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming to meet Moses and speak for him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills the command given at the burning bush to gather the elders of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
New Testament parallel of laying hold of a serpent unharmed as a sign.
Identifies the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob appearing to Moses.
The fulfillment of the sign on a national scale, turning Nile water into blood.
Parallels Moses' reluctant desire to evade God's commission, similar to Jonah.
New Testament parallel regarding the spiritual reality and judicial nature of heart-hardening.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Repeats the divine plan to harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs in Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Historical poetic summary of the judgment of the firstborn throughout Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes circumcision as the literal token of the covenant between God and Abraham's seed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Aaron performs the exact signs given to Moses in the earlier part of the chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The people rejoice that God looked upon their affliction, fulfilling His words to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Aaron speaks the words and does the signs in the sight of the people.
Affirms God's sovereignty over human senses: 'He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?'
Contrasts the living Pharaoh who sought Moses' life with his death in verse 19.
Supported by JFB
The post-Passover worship of the people directly mirrors their response of faith here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stresses the importance of the rod that Moses must take to perform signs.