Exodus4
New King James Version
1Then Moses answered and said, “But suppose they will not believe me or listen to my voice; suppose they say, ‘The Lord has not appeared to you.’ ”
2So the Lord said to him, “What is that in your hand?” He said, “A rod.”
3And He said, “Cast it on the ground.” So he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from it.
4Then the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out your hand and take it by the tail” (and he reached out his hand and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand),
5“that they may believe that the Lord God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”
6Furthermore the Lord said to him, “Now put your hand in your bosom.” And he put his hand in his bosom, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, like snow.
7And He said, “Put your hand in your bosom again.” So he put his hand in his bosom again, and drew it out of his bosom, and behold, it was restored like his other flesh.
8“Then it will be, if they do not believe you, nor heed the message of the first sign, that they may believe the message of the latter sign.
9And it shall be, if they do not believe even these two signs, or listen to your voice, that you shall take water from the river and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take from the river will become blood on the dry land.”
10Then Moses said to the Lord, “O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither before nor since You have spoken to Your servant; but I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.”
11So the Lord said to him, “Who has made man’s mouth? Or who makes the mute, the deaf, the seeing, or the blind? Have not I, the Lord?
12Now therefore, go, and I will be with your mouth and teach you what you shall say.”
13But he said, “O my Lord, please send by the hand of whomever else You may send.”
14So the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses, and He said: “Is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he can speak well. And look, he is also coming out to meet you. When he sees you, he will be glad in his heart.
15Now you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth. And I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and I will teach you what you shall do.
16So he shall be your spokesman to the people. And he himself shall be as a mouth for you, and you shall be to him as God.
17And you shall take this rod in your hand, with which you shall do the signs.”
18So Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said to him, “Please let me go and return to my brethren who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
19Now the Lord said to Moses in Midian, “Go, return to Egypt; for all the men who sought your life are dead.”
20Then Moses took his wife and his sons and set them on a donkey, and he returned to the land of Egypt. And Moses took the rod of God in his hand.
21And the Lord said to Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you do all those wonders before Pharaoh which I have put in your hand. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go.
22Then you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says the Lord: “Israel is My son, My firstborn.
23So I say to you, let My son go that he may serve Me. But if you refuse to let him go, indeed I will kill your son, your firstborn.” ’ ”
24And it came to pass on the way, at the encampment, that the Lord met him and sought to kill him.
25Then Zipporah took a sharp stone and cut off the foreskin of her son and cast it at Moses’ feet, and said, “Surely you are a husband of blood to me!”
26So He let him go. Then she said, “You are a husband of blood!”—because of the circumcision.
27And the Lord said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” So he went and met him on the mountain of God, and kissed him.
28So Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord who had sent him, and all the signs which He had commanded him.
29Then Moses and Aaron went and gathered together all the elders of the children of Israel.
30And Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses. Then he did the signs in the sight of the people.
31So the people believed; and when they heard that the Lord had visited the children of Israel and that He had looked on their affliction, then they bowed their heads and worshiped.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God gives Moses power to work miracles. (1–9). Moses is loth to be sent, Aaron is to assist him. (10–17). Moses leaves Midian, God's message to Pharaoh. (18–23). God's displeasure against Moses, Aaron meets him, The people believe them. (24–31).
vv1-9
Moses objects, that the people would not take his word, unless he showed them some sign. God gives him power to work miracles. But those who are now employed to deliver God's messages to men, need not the power to work miracles: their character and their doctrines are to be tried by that word of God to which they appeal. These miracles especially referred to the miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ. It belonged to Him only, to cast the power of the devil out of the soul, and to heal the soul of the leprosy of sin; and so it was for Him first to cast the devil out of the body, and to heal the leprosy of the body.
vv10-17
Moses continued backward to the work God designed him for; there was much of cowardice, slothfulness, and unbelief in him. We must not judge of men by the readiness of their discourse. A great deal of wisdom and true worth may be with a slow tongue. God sometimes makes choice of those as his messengers, who have the least of the advantages of art or nature, that his grace in them may appear the more glorious. Christ's disciples were no orators, till the Holy Spirit made them such. God condescends to answer the excuse of Moses. Even self-diffidence, when it hinders us from duty, or clogs us in duty, is very displeasing to the Lord. But while we blame Moses for shrinking from this dangerous service, let us ask our own hearts if we are not neglecting duties more easy, and less perilous. The tongue of Aaron, with the head and heart of Moses, would make one completely fit for this errand. God promises, I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth. Even Aaron, who could speak well, yet could not speak to purpose, unless God gave constant teaching and help; for without the constant aid of Divine grace, the best gifts will fail.
vv18-23
After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to detain, but my son. It is my son that serves me, and therefore must be spared, must be pleaded for. In case of refusal I will slay thy son, even thy first-born. As men deal with God's people, let them expect so to be dealt with.
Key Words
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
הֵן: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
אָמַן: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קוֹל: a voice or sound
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
Exodus 4Direct parallel of a hand turned leprous as snow as a sign of divine power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct prophetic/typological application of God calling His son (Israel/Christ) out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts Moses' claim of being slow of speech with being 'mighty in words and deeds.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' promise to his disciples that it shall be given them what they shall speak.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming forth to meet Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul uses God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to explain divine sovereignty in election.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Cites Hosea 11:1 applying the 'my son' out of Egypt typology directly to Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The direct execution of the warning to slay Pharaoh's firstborn in the final plague.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The covenant penalty for uncircumcision explains why God met Moses in anger to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Clarifies the relationship where Moses is as God and Aaron is his prophet.
Verbal echo used by the angel to Joseph: 'for they are dead which sought the child's life.'
Identifies 'the adoption' as belonging to Israel, echoing their designation here as God's firstborn.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels Zipporah's use of a sharp stone/flint for the circumcision rite.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming to meet Moses and speak for him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills the command given at the burning bush to gather the elders of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
New Testament parallel of laying hold of a serpent unharmed as a sign.
Identifies the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob appearing to Moses.
The fulfillment of the sign on a national scale, turning Nile water into blood.
Parallels Moses' reluctant desire to evade God's commission, similar to Jonah.
New Testament parallel regarding the spiritual reality and judicial nature of heart-hardening.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Repeats the divine plan to harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs in Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Historical poetic summary of the judgment of the firstborn throughout Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes circumcision as the literal token of the covenant between God and Abraham's seed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Aaron performs the exact signs given to Moses in the earlier part of the chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The people rejoice that God looked upon their affliction, fulfilling His words to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Aaron speaks the words and does the signs in the sight of the people.
Affirms God's sovereignty over human senses: 'He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?'
Contrasts the living Pharaoh who sought Moses' life with his death in verse 19.
Supported by JFB
The post-Passover worship of the people directly mirrors their response of faith here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stresses the importance of the rod that Moses must take to perform signs.