Exodus 4NIV
Books
All books

Exodus4

New International Version

1Moses answered, “What if they do not believe me or listen to me and say, ‘The Lord did not appear to you’?”

2Then the Lord said to him, “What is that in your hand?” “A staff,” he replied.

3The Lord said, “Throw it on the ground.” Moses threw it on the ground and it became a snake, and he ran from it.

4Then the Lord said to him, “Reach out your hand and take it by the tail.” So Moses reached out and took hold of the snake and it turned back into a staff in his hand.

5“This,” said the Lord, “is so that they may believe that the Lord, the God of their fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has appeared to you.”

6Then the Lord said, “Put your hand inside your cloak.” So Moses put his hand into his cloak, and when he took it out, the skin was leprous—it had become as white as snow.

7“Now put it back into your cloak,” he said. So Moses put his hand back into his cloak, and when he took it out, it was restored, like the rest of his flesh.

8Then the Lord said, “If they do not believe you or pay attention to the first sign, they may believe the second.

9But if they do not believe these two signs or listen to you, take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground. The water you take from the river will become blood on the ground.”

10Moses said to the Lord, “Pardon your servant, Lord. I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since you have spoken to your servant. I am slow of speech and tongue.”

11The Lord said to him, “Who gave human beings their mouths? Who makes them deaf or mute? Who gives them sight or makes them blind? Is it not I, the Lord?

12Now go; I will help you speak and will teach you what to say.”

13But Moses said, “Pardon your servant, Lord. Please send someone else.”

14Then the Lord’s anger burned against Moses and he said, “What about your brother, Aaron the Levite? I know he can speak well. He is already on his way to meet you, and he will be glad to see you.

15You shall speak to him and put words in his mouth; I will help both of you speak and will teach you what to do.

16He will speak to the people for you, and it will be as if he were your mouth and as if you were God to him.

17But take this staff in your hand so you can perform the signs with it.”

18Then Moses went back to Jethro his father-in-law and said to him, “Let me return to my own people in Egypt to see if any of them are still alive.” Jethro said, “Go, and I wish you well.”

19Now the Lord had said to Moses in Midian, “Go back to Egypt, for all those who wanted to kill you are dead.”

20So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a donkey and started back to Egypt. And he took the staff of God in his hand.

21The Lord said to Moses, “When you return to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders I have given you the power to do. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

22Then say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: Israel is my firstborn son,

23and I told you, “Let my son go, so he may worship me.” But you refused to let him go; so I will kill your firstborn son.’”

24At a lodging place on the way, the Lord met Moses and was about to kill him.

25But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son’s foreskin and touched Moses’ feet with it. “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me,” she said.

26So the Lord let him alone. (At that time she said “bridegroom of blood,” referring to circumcision.)

27The Lord said to Aaron, “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses.” So he met Moses at the mountain of God and kissed him.

28Then Moses told Aaron everything the Lord had sent him to say, and also about all the signs he had commanded him to perform.

29Moses and Aaron brought together all the elders of the Israelites,

30and Aaron told them everything the Lord had said to Moses. He also performed the signs before the people,

31and they believed. And when they heard that the Lord was concerned about them and had seen their misery, they bowed down and worshiped.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 4.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God gives Moses power to work miracles. (1–9). Moses is loth to be sent, Aaron is to assist him. (10–17). Moses leaves Midian, God's message to Pharaoh. (18–23). God's displeasure against Moses, Aaron meets him, The people believe them. (24–31).

vv1-9

Moses objects, that the people would not take his word, unless he showed them some sign. God gives him power to work miracles. But those who are now employed to deliver God's messages to men, need not the power to work miracles: their character and their doctrines are to be tried by that word of God to which they appeal. These miracles especially referred to the miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ. It belonged to Him only, to cast the power of the devil out of the soul, and to heal the soul of the leprosy of sin; and so it was for Him first to cast the devil out of the body, and to heal the leprosy of the body.

vv10-17

Moses continued backward to the work God designed him for; there was much of cowardice, slothfulness, and unbelief in him. We must not judge of men by the readiness of their discourse. A great deal of wisdom and true worth may be with a slow tongue. God sometimes makes choice of those as his messengers, who have the least of the advantages of art or nature, that his grace in them may appear the more glorious. Christ's disciples were no orators, till the Holy Spirit made them such. God condescends to answer the excuse of Moses. Even self-diffidence, when it hinders us from duty, or clogs us in duty, is very displeasing to the Lord. But while we blame Moses for shrinking from this dangerous service, let us ask our own hearts if we are not neglecting duties more easy, and less perilous. The tongue of Aaron, with the head and heart of Moses, would make one completely fit for this errand. God promises, I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth. Even Aaron, who could speak well, yet could not speak to purpose, unless God gave constant teaching and help; for without the constant aid of Divine grace, the best gifts will fail.

vv18-23

After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to detain, but my son. It is my son that serves me, and therefore must be spared, must be pleaded for. In case of refusal I will slay thy son, even thy first-born. As men deal with God's people, let them expect so to be dealt with.

Cross References

Exodus 4
v6Numbers 12:10thematic

Direct parallel of a hand turned leprous as snow as a sign of divine power.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Hosea 11:1fulfillment

Direct prophetic/typological application of God calling His son (Israel/Christ) out of Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v10Acts 7:22contrast

Contrasts Moses' claim of being slow of speech with being 'mighty in words and deeds.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Matthew 10:19thematic

Jesus' promise to his disciples that it shall be given them what they shall speak.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Exodus 4:27fulfillment

Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming forth to meet Moses.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Romans 9:18thematic

Paul uses God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to explain divine sovereignty in election.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22Matthew 2:15fulfillment

Cites Hosea 11:1 applying the 'my son' out of Egypt typology directly to Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Exodus 12:29fulfillment

The direct execution of the warning to slay Pharaoh's firstborn in the final plague.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 17:14thematic

The covenant penalty for uncircumcision explains why God met Moses in anger to kill him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v16Exodus 7:1thematic

Clarifies the relationship where Moses is as God and Aaron is his prophet.

v19Matthew 2:20allusion

Verbal echo used by the angel to Joseph: 'for they are dead which sought the child's life.'

v22Romans 9:4thematic

Identifies 'the adoption' as belonging to Israel, echoing their designation here as God's firstborn.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v25Joshua 5:2thematic

Parallels Zipporah's use of a sharp stone/flint for the circumcision rite.

Supported by JFB

v27Exodus 4:14-16thematic

Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming to meet Moses and speak for him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v29Exodus 3:16thematic

Fulfills the command given at the burning bush to gather the elders of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v4Acts 28:3-6thematic

New Testament parallel of laying hold of a serpent unharmed as a sign.

v5Exodus 3:6thematic

Identifies the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob appearing to Moses.

v9Exodus 7:19thematic

The fulfillment of the sign on a national scale, turning Nile water into blood.

v13Jonah 1:3thematic

Parallels Moses' reluctant desire to evade God's commission, similar to Jonah.

v21John 12:40thematic

New Testament parallel regarding the spiritual reality and judicial nature of heart-hardening.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Exodus 7:3thematic

Repeats the divine plan to harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs in Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v23Psalms 105:36thematic

Historical poetic summary of the judgment of the firstborn throughout Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Genesis 17:11thematic

Establishes circumcision as the literal token of the covenant between God and Abraham's seed.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Exodus 4:2-9thematic

Aaron performs the exact signs given to Moses in the earlier part of the chapter.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v31Exodus 3:7thematic

The people rejoice that God looked upon their affliction, fulfilling His words to Moses.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v2Exodus 4:30fulfillment

Aaron speaks the words and does the signs in the sight of the people.

v11Psalms 94:9thematic

Affirms God's sovereignty over human senses: 'He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?'

v19Exodus 2:15contrast

Contrasts the living Pharaoh who sought Moses' life with his death in verse 19.

Supported by JFB

v31Exodus 12:27thematic

The post-Passover worship of the people directly mirrors their response of faith here.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Exodus 4:17thematic

Stresses the importance of the rod that Moses must take to perform signs.