Exodus 2NIV
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Exodus2

New International Version

1Now a man of the tribe of Levi married a Levite woman,

2and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him for three months.

3But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile.

4His sister stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.

5Then Pharaoh’s daughter went down to the Nile to bathe, and her attendants were walking along the riverbank. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her female slave to get it.

6She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This is one of the Hebrew babies,” she said.

7Then his sister asked Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?”

8“Yes, go,” she answered. So the girl went and got the baby’s mother.

9Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took the baby and nursed him.

10When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. She named him Moses, saying, “I drew him out of the water.”

11One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people were and watched them at their hard labor. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people.

12Looking this way and that and seeing no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.

13The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, “Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?”

14The man said, “Who made you ruler and judge over us? Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and thought, “What I did must have become known.”

15When Pharaoh heard of this, he tried to kill Moses, but Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live in Midian, where he sat down by a well.

16Now a priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came to draw water and fill the troughs to water their father’s flock.

17Some shepherds came along and drove them away, but Moses got up and came to their rescue and watered their flock.

18When the girls returned to Reuel their father, he asked them, “Why have you returned so early today?”

19They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.”

20“And where is he?” Reuel asked his daughters. “Why did you leave him? Invite him to have something to eat.”

21Moses agreed to stay with the man, who gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage.

22Zipporah gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom, saying, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land.”

23During that long period, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned in their slavery and cried out, and their cry for help because of their slavery went up to God.

24God heard their groaning and he remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac and with Jacob.

25So God looked on the Israelites and was concerned about them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 2.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Moses is born, and exposed on the river. (1–4). He is found, and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter. (5–10). Moses slays an Egyptian, and flees to Midian. (11–15). Moses marries the daughter of Jethro. (16–22). God hears the Israelites. (23–25).

vv1-4

Observe the order of Providence: just at the time when Pharaoh's cruelty rose to its height by ordering the Hebrew children to be drowned, the deliverer was born. When men are contriving the ruin of the church, God is preparing for its salvation. The parents of Moses saw he was a goodly child. A lively faith can take encouragement from the least hint of the Divine favour. It is said, Heb 11:23, that the parents of Moses hid him by faith; they had the promise that Israel should be preserved, which they relied upon. Faith in God's promise quickens to the use of lawful means for obtaining mercy. Duty is ours, events are God's. Faith in God will set us above the fear of man. At three months' end, when they could not hide the infant any longer, they put him in an ark of bulrushes by the river's brink, and set his sister to watch. And if the weak affection of a mother were thus careful, what shall we think of Him, whose love, whose compassion is, as himself, boundless. Moses never had a stronger protection about him, no, not when all the Israelites were round his tent in the wilderness, than now, when he lay alone, a helpless babe upon the waves. No water, no Egyptian can hurt him. When we seem most neglected and forlorn, God is most present with us.

vv5-10

Come, see the place where that great man, Moses, lay, when he was a little child; it was in a bulrush basket by the river's side. Had he been left there long, he must have perished. But Providence brings Pharaoh's daughter to the place where this poor forlorn infant lay, and inclines her heart to pity it, which she dares do, when none else durst. God's care of us in our infancy ought to be often mentioned by us to his praise. Pharaoh cruelly sought to destroy Israel, but his own daughter had pity on a Hebrew child, and not only so, but, without knowing it, preserved Israel's deliverer, and provided Moses with a good nurse, even his own mother. That he should have a Hebrew nurse, the sister of Moses brought the mother into the place of a nurse. Moses was treated as the son of Pharoah's daughter. Many who, by their birth, are obscure and poor, by surprising events of Providence, are raised high in the world, to make men know that God rules.

vv11-15

Moses boldly owned the cause of God's people. It is plain from Heb 11. that this was done in faith, with the full purpose of leaving the honours, wealth, and pleasures of his rank among the Egyptians. By the grace of God he was a partaker of faith in Christ, which overcomes the world. He was willing, not only to risk all, but to suffer for his sake; being assured that Israel were the people of God. By special warrant from Heaven, which makes no rule for other cases, Moses slew an Egyptian, and rescued an oppressed Israelites. Also, he tried to end a dispute between two Hebrews. The reproof Moses gave, may still be of use. May we not apply it to disputants, who, by their fierce debates, divide and weaken the Christian church? They forget that they are brethren. He that did wrong quarreled with Moses. It is a sign of guilt to be angry at reproof. Men know not what they do, nor what enemies they are to themselves, when they resist and despise faithful reproofs and reprovers. Moses might have said, if this be the spirit of the Hebrews, I will go to court again, and be the son of Pharaoh's daughter. But we must take heed of being set against the ways and people of God, by the follies and peevishness of some persons that profess religion. Moses was obliged to flee into the land of Midian. God ordered this for wise and holy ends.

Cross References

Exodus 2
v2Hebrews 11:23thematic

NT commentary explaining that Moses was hidden by his parents in faith.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Hebrews 11:24thematic

Notes Moses's faith in refusing to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Acts 7:21thematic

NT confirmation of Moses being adopted and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Acts 7:23thematic

Inspired commentary stating Moses was forty years old when he visited his brethren.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Acts 7:35thematic

Highlighting Stephen's sermon regarding Israel's rejection of Moses as prince and judge.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22Acts 7:29allusion

Stephen's speech directly references Moses' flight and his begetting of two sons in Midian.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Exodus 18:3thematic

Explicates the naming of Gershom and the meaning behind 'a stranger in a strange land'.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Acts 7:34allusion

Stephen explicitly quotes God hearing the groaning of Israel and coming down to deliver them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Numbers 26:59thematic

Explicitly names Moses's parents as Amram and Jochebed, both of the tribe of Levi.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Acts 7:20thematic

NT text describing baby Moses as 'exceeding fair' or beautiful to God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Acts 7:24-26thematic

NT record of Moses defending the oppressed Hebrew and slaying the Egyptian.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v15Hebrews 11:27thematic

Explains Moses's departure from Egypt from the perspective of faith overcoming fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Exodus 3:7-9thematic

Direct continuation where God tells Moses at the bush that He has seen the oppression.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 15:14-18fulfillment

The precise covenant God 'remembered'—His promise to Abraham to judge their oppressing nation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Exodus 6:5thematic

God explicitly restates that He has heard the groaning and remembered His covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Exodus 6:20thematic

Genealogical confirmation of Amram marrying his father's sister Jochebed.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Isaiah 18:2thematic

Confirms the ancient historical use of vessels made of bulrushes or papyrus.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Acts 7:29thematic

Confirms Moses's flight to Midian and his becoming a stranger there.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 29:9thematic

Strong parallel of women (Rachel) meeting a future husband while watering sheep at a well.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v24Leviticus 26:42thematic

Parallel structure where God's remembrance of the patriarchal covenant drives His saving actions.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Luke 1:72thematic

Zechariah's song links the coming of Christ with God remembering His holy covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Exodus 3:1thematic

Identifies Moses's father-in-law as Jethro, the priest of Midian.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Hebrews 13:2thematic

Echoes the duty of hospitality shown to strangers, as Reuel invites Moses.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Exodus 18:2-6thematic

Details Zipporah and her return to her father Jethro (Reuel) during the Exodus.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22Hebrews 11:13thematic

The spiritual mindset of the patriarchs and Moses confessing they were strangers on earth.

Supported by Matthew Henry