Exodus2
New Living Translation
1About this time, a man and woman from the tribe of Levi got married.
2The woman became pregnant and gave birth to a son. She saw that he was a special baby and kept him hidden for three months.
3But when she could no longer hide him, she got a basket made of papyrus reeds and waterproofed it with tar and pitch. She put the baby in the basket and laid it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile River.
4The baby’s sister then stood at a distance, watching to see what would happen to him.
5Soon Pharaoh’s daughter came down to bathe in the river, and her attendants walked along the riverbank. When the princess saw the basket among the reeds, she sent her maid to get it for her.
6When the princess opened it, she saw the baby. The little boy was crying, and she felt sorry for him. “This must be one of the Hebrew children,” she said.
7Then the baby’s sister approached the princess. “Should I go and find one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?” she asked.
8“Yes, do!” the princess replied. So the girl went and called the baby’s mother.
9“Take this baby and nurse him for me,” the princess told the baby’s mother. “I will pay you for your help.” So the woman took her baby home and nursed him.
10Later, when the boy was older, his mother brought him back to Pharaoh’s daughter, who adopted him as her own son. The princess named him Moses, for she explained, “I lifted him out of the water.”
11Many years later, when Moses had grown up, he went out to visit his own people, the Hebrews, and he saw how hard they were forced to work. During his visit, he saw an Egyptian beating one of his fellow Hebrews.
12After looking in all directions to make sure no one was watching, Moses killed the Egyptian and hid the body in the sand.
13The next day, when Moses went out to visit his people again, he saw two Hebrew men fighting. “Why are you beating up your friend?” Moses said to the one who had started the fight.
14The man replied, “Who appointed you to be our prince and judge? Are you going to kill me as you killed that Egyptian yesterday?” Then Moses was afraid, thinking, “Everyone knows what I did.”
15And sure enough, Pharaoh heard what had happened, and he tried to kill Moses. But Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live in the land of Midian. When Moses arrived in Midian, he sat down beside a well.
16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters who came as usual to draw water and fill the water troughs for their father’s flocks.
17But some other shepherds came and chased them away. So Moses jumped up and rescued the girls from the shepherds. Then he drew water for their flocks.
18When the girls returned to Reuel, their father, he asked, “Why are you back so soon today?”
19“An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds,” they answered. “And then he drew water for us and watered our flocks.”
20“Then where is he?” their father asked. “Why did you leave him there? Invite him to come and eat with us.”
21Moses accepted the invitation, and he settled there with him. In time, Reuel gave Moses his daughter Zipporah to be his wife.
22Later she gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom, for he explained, “I have been a foreigner in a foreign land.”
23Years passed, and the king of Egypt died. But the Israelites continued to groan under their burden of slavery. They cried out for help, and their cry rose up to God.
24God heard their groaning, and he remembered his covenant promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
25He looked down on the people of Israel and knew it was time to act.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Moses is born, and exposed on the river. (1–4). He is found, and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter. (5–10). Moses slays an Egyptian, and flees to Midian. (11–15). Moses marries the daughter of Jethro. (16–22). God hears the Israelites. (23–25).
vv1-4
Observe the order of Providence: just at the time when Pharaoh's cruelty rose to its height by ordering the Hebrew children to be drowned, the deliverer was born. When men are contriving the ruin of the church, God is preparing for its salvation. The parents of Moses saw he was a goodly child. A lively faith can take encouragement from the least hint of the Divine favour. It is said, Heb 11:23, that the parents of Moses hid him by faith; they had the promise that Israel should be preserved, which they relied upon. Faith in God's promise quickens to the use of lawful means for obtaining mercy. Duty is ours, events are God's. Faith in God will set us above the fear of man. At three months' end, when they could not hide the infant any longer, they put him in an ark of bulrushes by the river's brink, and set his sister to watch. And if the weak affection of a mother were thus careful, what shall we think of Him, whose love, whose compassion is, as himself, boundless. Moses never had a stronger protection about him, no, not when all the Israelites were round his tent in the wilderness, than now, when he lay alone, a helpless babe upon the waves. No water, no Egyptian can hurt him. When we seem most neglected and forlorn, God is most present with us.
vv5-10
Come, see the place where that great man, Moses, lay, when he was a little child; it was in a bulrush basket by the river's side. Had he been left there long, he must have perished. But Providence brings Pharaoh's daughter to the place where this poor forlorn infant lay, and inclines her heart to pity it, which she dares do, when none else durst. God's care of us in our infancy ought to be often mentioned by us to his praise. Pharaoh cruelly sought to destroy Israel, but his own daughter had pity on a Hebrew child, and not only so, but, without knowing it, preserved Israel's deliverer, and provided Moses with a good nurse, even his own mother. That he should have a Hebrew nurse, the sister of Moses brought the mother into the place of a nurse. Moses was treated as the son of Pharoah's daughter. Many who, by their birth, are obscure and poor, by surprising events of Providence, are raised high in the world, to make men know that God rules.
vv11-15
Moses boldly owned the cause of God's people. It is plain from Heb 11. that this was done in faith, with the full purpose of leaving the honours, wealth, and pleasures of his rank among the Egyptians. By the grace of God he was a partaker of faith in Christ, which overcomes the world. He was willing, not only to risk all, but to suffer for his sake; being assured that Israel were the people of God. By special warrant from Heaven, which makes no rule for other cases, Moses slew an Egyptian, and rescued an oppressed Israelites. Also, he tried to end a dispute between two Hebrews. The reproof Moses gave, may still be of use. May we not apply it to disputants, who, by their fierce debates, divide and weaken the Christian church? They forget that they are brethren. He that did wrong quarreled with Moses. It is a sign of guilt to be angry at reproof. Men know not what they do, nor what enemies they are to themselves, when they resist and despise faithful reproofs and reprovers. Moses might have said, if this be the spirit of the Hebrews, I will go to court again, and be the son of Pharaoh's daughter. But we must take heed of being set against the ways and people of God, by the follies and peevishness of some persons that profess religion. Moses was obliged to flee into the land of Midian. God ordered this for wise and holy ends.
Key Words
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
לֵוִי: Levi, a son of Jacob
יָלַךְ: to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
הָרָה: to be (or become) pregnant, conceive (literally or figuratively)
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
Cross References
Exodus 2NT commentary explaining that Moses was hidden by his parents in faith.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Notes Moses's faith in refusing to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
NT confirmation of Moses being adopted and brought up by Pharaoh's daughter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Inspired commentary stating Moses was forty years old when he visited his brethren.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Highlighting Stephen's sermon regarding Israel's rejection of Moses as prince and judge.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Stephen's speech directly references Moses' flight and his begetting of two sons in Midian.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicates the naming of Gershom and the meaning behind 'a stranger in a strange land'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Stephen explicitly quotes God hearing the groaning of Israel and coming down to deliver them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicitly names Moses's parents as Amram and Jochebed, both of the tribe of Levi.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
NT text describing baby Moses as 'exceeding fair' or beautiful to God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
NT record of Moses defending the oppressed Hebrew and slaying the Egyptian.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Explains Moses's departure from Egypt from the perspective of faith overcoming fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct continuation where God tells Moses at the bush that He has seen the oppression.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The precise covenant God 'remembered'—His promise to Abraham to judge their oppressing nation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
God explicitly restates that He has heard the groaning and remembered His covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Genealogical confirmation of Amram marrying his father's sister Jochebed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the ancient historical use of vessels made of bulrushes or papyrus.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms Moses's flight to Midian and his becoming a stranger there.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Strong parallel of women (Rachel) meeting a future husband while watering sheep at a well.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel structure where God's remembrance of the patriarchal covenant drives His saving actions.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Zechariah's song links the coming of Christ with God remembering His holy covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Moses's father-in-law as Jethro, the priest of Midian.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the duty of hospitality shown to strangers, as Reuel invites Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Details Zipporah and her return to her father Jethro (Reuel) during the Exodus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The spiritual mindset of the patriarchs and Moses confessing they were strangers on earth.
Supported by Matthew Henry