Luke1
New Living Translation
1Many people have set out to write accounts about the events that have been fulfilled among us.
2They used the eyewitness reports circulating among us from the early disciples.
3Having carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I also have decided to write an accurate account for you, most honorable Theophilus,
4so you can be certain of the truth of everything you were taught.
5When Herod was king of Judea, there was a Jewish priest named Zechariah. He was a member of the priestly order of Abijah, and his wife, Elizabeth, was also from the priestly line of Aaron.
6Zechariah and Elizabeth were righteous in God’s eyes, careful to obey all of the Lord’s commandments and regulations.
7They had no children because Elizabeth was unable to conceive, and they were both very old.
8One day Zechariah was serving God in the Temple, for his order was on duty that week.
9As was the custom of the priests, he was chosen by lot to enter the sanctuary of the Lord and burn incense.
10While the incense was being burned, a great crowd stood outside, praying.
11While Zechariah was in the sanctuary, an angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing to the right of the incense altar.
12Zechariah was shaken and overwhelmed with fear when he saw him.
13But the angel said, “Don’t be afraid, Zechariah! God has heard your prayer. Your wife, Elizabeth, will give you a son, and you are to name him John.
14You will have great joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth,
15for he will be great in the eyes of the Lord. He must never touch wine or other alcoholic drinks. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even before his birth.
16And he will turn many Israelites to the Lord their God.
17He will be a man with the spirit and power of Elijah. He will prepare the people for the coming of the Lord. He will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and he will cause those who are rebellious to accept the wisdom of the godly.”
18Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure this will happen? I’m an old man now, and my wife is also well along in years.”
19Then the angel said, “I am Gabriel! I stand in the very presence of God. It was he who sent me to bring you this good news!
20But now, since you didn’t believe what I said, you will be silent and unable to speak until the child is born. For my words will certainly be fulfilled at the proper time.”
21Meanwhile, the people were waiting for Zechariah to come out of the sanctuary, wondering why he was taking so long.
22When he finally did come out, he couldn’t speak to them. Then they realized from his gestures and his silence that he must have seen a vision in the sanctuary.
23When Zechariah’s week of service in the Temple was over, he returned home.
24Soon afterward his wife, Elizabeth, became pregnant and went into seclusion for five months.
25“How kind the Lord is!” she exclaimed. “He has taken away my disgrace of having no children.”
26In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a village in Galilee,
27to a virgin named Mary. She was engaged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of King David.
28Gabriel appeared to her and said, “Greetings, favored woman! The Lord is with you!”
29Confused and disturbed, Mary tried to think what the angel could mean.
30“Don’t be afraid, Mary,” the angel told her, “for you have found favor with God!
31You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus.
32He will be very great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his ancestor David.
33And he will reign over Israel forever; his Kingdom will never end!”
34Mary asked the angel, “But how can this happen? I am a virgin.”
35The angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the baby to be born will be holy, and he will be called the Son of God.
36What’s more, your relative Elizabeth has become pregnant in her old age! People used to say she was barren, but she has conceived a son and is now in her sixth month.
37For the word of God will never fail.”
38Mary responded, “I am the Lord’s servant. May everything you have said about me come true.” And then the angel left her.
39A few days later Mary hurried to the hill country of Judea, to the town
40where Zechariah lived. She entered the house and greeted Elizabeth.
41At the sound of Mary’s greeting, Elizabeth’s child leaped within her, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
42Elizabeth gave a glad cry and exclaimed to Mary, “God has blessed you above all women, and your child is blessed.
43Why am I so honored, that the mother of my Lord should visit me?
44When I heard your greeting, the baby in my womb jumped for joy.
45You are blessed because you believed that the Lord would do what he said.”
46Mary responded, “Oh, how my soul praises the Lord.
47How my spirit rejoices in God my Savior!
48For he took notice of his lowly servant girl, and from now on all generations will call me blessed.
49For the Mighty One is holy, and he has done great things for me.
50He shows mercy from generation to generation to all who fear him.
51His mighty arm has done tremendous things! He has scattered the proud and haughty ones.
52He has brought down princes from their thrones and exalted the humble.
53He has filled the hungry with good things and sent the rich away with empty hands.
54He has helped his servant Israel and remembered to be merciful.
55For he made this promise to our ancestors, to Abraham and his children forever.”
56Mary stayed with Elizabeth about three months and then went back to her own home.
57When it was time for Elizabeth’s baby to be born, she gave birth to a son.
58And when her neighbors and relatives heard that the Lord had been very merciful to her, everyone rejoiced with her.
59When the baby was eight days old, they all came for the circumcision ceremony. They wanted to name him Zechariah, after his father.
60But Elizabeth said, “No! His name is John!”
61“What?” they exclaimed. “There is no one in all your family by that name.”
62So they used gestures to ask the baby’s father what he wanted to name him.
63He motioned for a writing tablet, and to everyone’s surprise he wrote, “His name is John.”
64Instantly Zechariah could speak again, and he began praising God.
65Awe fell upon the whole neighborhood, and the news of what had happened spread throughout the Judean hills.
66Everyone who heard about it reflected on these events and asked, “What will this child turn out to be?” For the hand of the Lord was surely upon him in a special way.
67Then his father, Zechariah, was filled with the Holy Spirit and gave this prophecy:
68“Praise the Lord, the God of Israel, because he has visited and redeemed his people.
69He has sent us a mighty Savior from the royal line of his servant David,
70just as he promised through his holy prophets long ago.
71Now we will be saved from our enemies and from all who hate us.
72He has been merciful to our ancestors by remembering his sacred covenant—
73the covenant he swore with an oath to our ancestor Abraham.
74We have been rescued from our enemies so we can serve God without fear,
75in holiness and righteousness for as long as we live.
76“And you, my little son, will be called the prophet of the Most High, because you will prepare the way for the Lord.
77You will tell his people how to find salvation through forgiveness of their sins.
78Because of God’s tender mercy, the morning light from heaven is about to break upon us,
79to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, and to guide us to the path of peace.”
80John grew up and became strong in spirit. And he lived in the wilderness until he began his public ministry to Israel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Preface. (1–4). Zacharias and Elisabeth. (5–25). Christ's birth announced. (26–38). Interview of Mary and Elisabeth. (39–56). The birth of John the Baptist. (57–66). The song of Zacharias. (67–80).
vv1-4
Luke will not write of things about which Christians may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of Christ is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through Divine inspiration.
vv5-25
The father and mother of John the Baptist were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the prayers we offer up to God, are acceptable and successful only by Christ's intercession in the temple of God above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in prayer. Nor can we expect that the best of our prayers should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of peace, but through the mediation of Christ, who ever lives, making intercession. The prayers Zacharias often made, received an answer of peace. Prayers of faith are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to prayer. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to God, and preparing them to receive the gospel of Christ. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, holiness, and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, God dealt justly with him, because he had objected against God's word. We may admire the patience of God towards us. God dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also God confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our sin, we are brought to give the more credit to the word of God, we have no reason to complain. Even real believers are apt to dishonour God by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising God with joy and gratitude. In God's gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.
vv26-38
We have here an account of the mother of our Lord; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise God for her. Christ must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled Mary. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with God, and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call Jesus, the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the Lord God. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, Jesus, a Saviour! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a Saviour is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the Saviour mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. Mary's reply to the angel was the language of faith and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of godliness, God manifest in the flesh, 1Ti 3:16. Christ's human nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the Divine nature. And we must, as Mary here, guide our desires by the word of God. In all conflicts, let us remember that with God nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into prayers, Behold the willing servant of the Lord; let it be unto me according to thy word.
Key Words
ἐπειδήπερ (epeidḗper): since indeed (of cause)
πολύς (polýs): (singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
ἐπιχειρέω (epicheiréō): to put the hand upon, i.e. undertake
ἀνατάσσομαι (anatássomai): to arrange
διήγεσις (diḗgesis): a recital
περί (perí): properly, through (all over), i.e. around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications, of place, cause or time (with the genitive case denoting the subject or occasion or superlative point; with the accusative case the locality, circuit, matter, circumstance or general period)
πρᾶγμα (prâgma): a deed; by implication, an affair; by extension, an object (material)
πληροφορέω (plērophoréō): to carry out fully (in evidence), i.e. completely assure (or convince), entirely accomplish
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ἡμῖν (hēmîn): to (or for, with, by) us
Cross References
Luke 1Prophesies the coming of Elijah the prophet before the great day, fulfilled in John's ministry.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Predicts turning the hearts of the fathers to the children, quoted directly by the angel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Direct prophecy of a virgin conceiving and bearing a son, fulfilled in Mary's miraculous conception.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Mary's Magnificat closely models Hannah's song of thanksgiving for her miraculous child.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Explicit fulfillment of sending the messenger to prepare the way of the Lord before Him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct prophecy of John going before the Lord's face to prepare His ways in the wilderness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Establishes the division of Abijah (Abia) as the eighth priestly course organized by David.
Supported by JFB
Defines the Nazarite vow of abstinence from wine and strong drink, outlining John's life consecration.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Identifies Gabriel as the messenger sent to bring highly-favored revelations and understanding.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallel angelic command to name the child Jesus, explaining His role as Savior.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The Davidic covenant promise that God would establish the throne of David's seed forever.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Prophecy of an everlasting kingdom given to the Son of man, which shall not be destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The exact rhetorical question ('Is any thing too hard for the Lord?') echoing Sarah's miraculous conception.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Verbal echo of Yahweh bringing down the mighty and raising the poor from the dust.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Direct thematic and verbal echo: the hungry are filled while the full are sent empty.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The child fulfills God's covenant promise to be a God to Abraham and his seed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Prophetic promise of mercy and truth to Abraham and Jacob fulfilled in the incarnation.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The foundational oath sworn to Abraham which Zacharias declares God is now performing.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic source for giving light to those sitting in darkness and the shadow of death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The 'dayspring from on high' directly echoes the promised 'Sun of righteousness' arising.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Luke's companion volume also addressed to Theophilus, resuming the orderly narrative.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Abraham and Sarah's advanced age and barrenness with Zacharias and Elisabeth's situation.
Supported by JFB
Prescribes the daily burning of sweet incense on the golden altar by the priests.
Supported by JFB
Parallels prayer with the burning of incense, representing the sweet-smelling savor of intercession.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Abraham's faith regarding his deadened body with Zacharias's unbelieving doubt.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The first biblical mention of the angel Gabriel making a person understand a vision.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Rachel uses identical wording ('God hath taken away my reproach') upon conceiving in barrenness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The only other book where the angel Gabriel is explicitly named as a divine messenger.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Prophesies the child born ruling on David's throne with a kingdom of no end.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The leaping of children within the womb as a sign of divine calling and destiny.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Praising God who raises the poor from the dust to sit with princes.
Supported by John Calvin
Leah's declaration 'happy am I, for daughters will call me blessed' echoed by Mary.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
God remembering His mercy and truth toward the house of Israel.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Obedience to the covenant command to circumcise male children on the eighth day.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The immediate loosening of Zacharias' tongue fulfills the angel's discipline and promise.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The raising up of a horn of salvation in the house of David echoes this Psalm.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB