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Luke1

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative concerning those matters which have been fulfilled among us,

2even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word delivered them to us,

3it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order, most excellent Theophilus;

4that you might know the certainty concerning the things in which you were instructed.

5There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a wife of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

6They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord.

7But they had no child, because Elizabeth was barren, and they both were well advanced in years.

8Now while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his division

9according to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense.

10The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense.

11An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense.

12Zacharias was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him.

13But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zacharias, because your request has been heard. Your wife, Elizabeth, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name John.

14You will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth.

15For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.

16He will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God.

17He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, ‘to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,’ and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord.”

18Zacharias said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years.”

19The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news.

20Behold, you will be silent and not able to speak until the day that these things will happen, because you didn’t believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time.”

21The people were waiting for Zacharias, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple.

22When he came out, he could not speak to them. They perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute.

23When the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house.

24After these days Elizabeth his wife conceived, and she hid herself five months, saying,

25“Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men.”

26Now in the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth,

27to a virgin pledged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, of David’s house. The virgin’s name was Mary.

28Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!”

29But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be.

30The angel said to her, “Don’t be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.

31Behold, you will conceive in your womb and give birth to a son, and shall name him ‘Jesus.’

32He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,

33and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom.”

34Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?”

35The angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God.

36Behold, Elizabeth your relative also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren.

37For nothing spoken by God is impossible.”

38Mary said, “Behold, the servant of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.

39Mary arose in those days and went into the hill country with haste, into a city of Judah,

40and entered into the house of Zacharias and greeted Elizabeth.

41When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb; and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.

42She called out with a loud voice and said, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb!

43Why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?

44For behold, when the voice of your greeting came into my ears, the baby leaped in my womb for joy!

45Blessed is she who believed, for there will be a fulfillment of the things which have been spoken to her from the Lord!”

46Mary said, “My soul magnifies the Lord.

47My spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior,

48for he has looked at the humble state of his servant. For behold, from now on, all generations will call me blessed.

49For he who is mighty has done great things for me. Holy is his name.

50His mercy is for generations and generations on those who fear him.

51He has shown strength with his arm. He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52He has put down princes from their thrones, and has exalted the lowly.

53He has filled the hungry with good things. He has sent the rich away empty.

54He has given help to Israel, his servant, that he might remember mercy,

55as he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and his offspring forever.”

56Mary stayed with her about three months, and then returned to her house.

57Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she gave birth to a son.

58Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy toward her, and they rejoiced with her.

59On the eighth day, they came to circumcise the child; and they would have called him Zacharias, after the name of his father.

60His mother answered, “Not so; but he will be called John.”

61They said to her, “There is no one among your relatives who is called by this name.”

62They made signs to his father, what he would have him called.

63He asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, “His name is John.” They all marveled.

64His mouth was opened immediately and his tongue freed, and he spoke, blessing God.

65Fear came on all who lived around them, and all these sayings were talked about throughout all the hill country of Judea.

66All who heard them laid them up in their heart, saying, “What then will this child be?” The hand of the Lord was with him.

67His father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying,

68“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people;

69and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David

70(as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets who have been from of old),

71salvation from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us;

72to show mercy toward our fathers, to remember his holy covenant,

73the oath which he swore to Abraham our father,

74to grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear,

75in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life.

76And you, child, will be called a prophet of the Most High; for you will go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways,

77to give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins,

78because of the tender mercy of our God, by which the dawn from on high will visit us,

79to shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death; to guide our feet into the way of peace.”

80The child was growing and becoming strong in spirit, and was in the desert until the day of his public appearance to Israel.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Preface. (1–4). Zacharias and Elisabeth. (5–25). Christ's birth announced. (26–38). Interview of Mary and Elisabeth. (39–56). The birth of John the Baptist. (57–66). The song of Zacharias. (67–80).

vv1-4

Luke will not write of things about which Christians may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of Christ is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through Divine inspiration.

vv5-25

The father and mother of John the Baptist were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the prayers we offer up to God, are acceptable and successful only by Christ's intercession in the temple of God above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in prayer. Nor can we expect that the best of our prayers should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of peace, but through the mediation of Christ, who ever lives, making intercession. The prayers Zacharias often made, received an answer of peace. Prayers of faith are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to prayer. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to God, and preparing them to receive the gospel of Christ. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, holiness, and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, God dealt justly with him, because he had objected against God's word. We may admire the patience of God towards us. God dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also God confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our sin, we are brought to give the more credit to the word of God, we have no reason to complain. Even real believers are apt to dishonour God by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising God with joy and gratitude. In God's gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.

vv26-38

We have here an account of the mother of our Lord; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise God for her. Christ must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled Mary. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with God, and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call Jesus, the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the Lord God. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, Jesus, a Saviour! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a Saviour is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the Saviour mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. Mary's reply to the angel was the language of faith and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of godliness, God manifest in the flesh, 1Ti 3:16. Christ's human nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the Divine nature. And we must, as Mary here, guide our desires by the word of God. In all conflicts, let us remember that with God nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into prayers, Behold the willing servant of the Lord; let it be unto me according to thy word.

Cross References

Luke 1
v17Malachi 4:5fulfillment

Prophesies the coming of Elijah the prophet before the great day, fulfilled in John's ministry.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v17Malachi 4:6fulfillment

Predicts turning the hearts of the fathers to the children, quoted directly by the angel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v31Isaiah 7:14fulfillment

Direct prophecy of a virgin conceiving and bearing a son, fulfilled in Mary's miraculous conception.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v461 Samuel 2:1allusion

Mary's Magnificat closely models Hannah's song of thanksgiving for her miraculous child.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v76Malachi 3:1fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment of sending the messenger to prepare the way of the Lord before Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v76Isaiah 40:3-5fulfillment

Direct prophecy of John going before the Lord's face to prepare His ways in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Establishes the division of Abijah (Abia) as the eighth priestly course organized by David.

Supported by JFB

v15Numbers 6:2-4typology

Defines the Nazarite vow of abstinence from wine and strong drink, outlining John's life consecration.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v19Daniel 9:21-23allusion

Identifies Gabriel as the messenger sent to bring highly-favored revelations and understanding.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v31Matthew 1:21thematic

Parallel angelic command to name the child Jesus, explaining His role as Savior.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v322 Samuel 7:12-13fulfillment

The Davidic covenant promise that God would establish the throne of David's seed forever.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v33Daniel 7:14fulfillment

Prophecy of an everlasting kingdom given to the Son of man, which shall not be destroyed.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v37Genesis 18:14allusion

The exact rhetorical question ('Is any thing too hard for the Lord?') echoing Sarah's miraculous conception.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v521 Samuel 2:7-8allusion

Verbal echo of Yahweh bringing down the mighty and raising the poor from the dust.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v531 Samuel 2:5allusion

Direct thematic and verbal echo: the hungry are filled while the full are sent empty.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v55Genesis 17:7fulfillment

The child fulfills God's covenant promise to be a God to Abraham and his seed.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v55Micah 7:20fulfillment

Prophetic promise of mercy and truth to Abraham and Jacob fulfilled in the incarnation.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v73Genesis 22:16fulfillment

The foundational oath sworn to Abraham which Zacharias declares God is now performing.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v78Isaiah 9:2fulfillment

Prophetic source for giving light to those sitting in darkness and the shadow of death.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v78Malachi 4:2allusion

The 'dayspring from on high' directly echoes the promised 'Sun of righteousness' arising.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Acts 1:1-3thematic

Luke's companion volume also addressed to Theophilus, resuming the orderly narrative.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Genesis 18:11thematic

Parallels Abraham and Sarah's advanced age and barrenness with Zacharias and Elisabeth's situation.

Supported by JFB

v9Exodus 30:7thematic

Prescribes the daily burning of sweet incense on the golden altar by the priests.

Supported by JFB

v10Psalms 141:2thematic

Parallels prayer with the burning of incense, representing the sweet-smelling savor of intercession.

Supported by JFB

v18Romans 4:19thematic

Contrasts Abraham's faith regarding his deadened body with Zacharias's unbelieving doubt.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v19Daniel 8:16allusion

The first biblical mention of the angel Gabriel making a person understand a vision.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v25Genesis 30:23thematic

Rachel uses identical wording ('God hath taken away my reproach') upon conceiving in barrenness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v26Daniel 8:16thematic

The only other book where the angel Gabriel is explicitly named as a divine messenger.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v32Isaiah 9:6-7fulfillment

Prophesies the child born ruling on David's throne with a kingdom of no end.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v41Genesis 25:22typology

The leaping of children within the womb as a sign of divine calling and destiny.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v48Psalms 113:7-8thematic

Praising God who raises the poor from the dust to sit with princes.

Supported by John Calvin

v48Genesis 30:13allusion

Leah's declaration 'happy am I, for daughters will call me blessed' echoed by Mary.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v54Psalms 98:3thematic

God remembering His mercy and truth toward the house of Israel.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v59Genesis 17:12fulfillment

Obedience to the covenant command to circumcise male children on the eighth day.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v64Luke 1:20fulfillment

The immediate loosening of Zacharias' tongue fulfills the angel's discipline and promise.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v69Psalms 132:17allusion

The raising up of a horn of salvation in the house of David echoes this Psalm.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB