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Luke1

English Standard Version

1 as have to a the that have been ,

2 those the of the have them to ,

3it to me , all for some , to an for , ,

4 you may the you have been .

5 the of , of , there , the of . he a the of , was .

6 they , the of the .

7 , , .

8 was serving as when was ,

9 to the of the , he was chosen by to the of the and .

10 the of the at the of .

11 there to an of the the of the of .

12 was when he him, .

13 the , Do be , , has been , will a , you shall .

14 will , will ,

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16 he will of the of the ,

17 will the of , to the of the the , the the of the , to for the a .

18 the , shall I ? an , is .

19 the , . I in the of , I was to to .

20 , you will be to the these , you did , will be .

21 the were for , they were at his the .

22 when he , he was to to , they he had a the . kept to .

23 his of was , he .

24 , for she , ,

25 the has for the he me, to .

26 the the was a of ,

27 a to a was , the of . the was .

28 and , , O , the is !

29 she was , tried to what of .

30 the to , Do be , , you have .

31 , you will your a , you shall .

32 will will be the of the . the will to the of ,

33 he will the of , of there will .

34 the , , I am a ?

35 the , The will , the of the will ; the to be will be holy— the .

36 , a , the with was .

37 will be .

38 , , I am the of the ; let it to to . the .

39 and the , a in ,

40 she the of .

41 the of , the . was with the ,

42 she with a , are , is the of !

43 is granted to the of should ?

44 , the of , the .

45 is she who there would a of what was the .

46 , the ,

47 ,

48 he has the of . , will ;

49 he who is has for , is .

50 is for those who to .

51He has ; he has the in the of ;

52he has the their those of ;

53he has the with , the he has .

54He has his , in of his ,

55 he , to to .

56 her .

57 the for to , a .

58 the had great , they with .

59 the they to the . they would have ,

60 , ; he shall be .

61 they , is by .

62 they to , inquiring he to .

63 he a and , . they .

64 was loosed, he , .

65 . were the of ,

66 who them , , then child ? the of the .

67 was with the , ,

68 be the of , he has

69 has a of for the of ,

70 he the of from of ,

71that we should be the of who ;

72to the promised to ,

73the he , to grant us

74that we, being the of , might ,

75 .

76 , , will be the of the ; you will the to ,

77to of to the of ,

78because the of , the shall on

79to to those who in the of , to the of .

80 the in , he the the of his .

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 1.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Preface. (1–4). Zacharias and Elisabeth. (5–25). Christ's birth announced. (26–38). Interview of Mary and Elisabeth. (39–56). The birth of John the Baptist. (57–66). The song of Zacharias. (67–80).

vv1-4

Luke will not write of things about which Christians may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of Christ is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through Divine inspiration.

vv5-25

The father and mother of John the Baptist were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the prayers we offer up to God, are acceptable and successful only by Christ's intercession in the temple of God above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in prayer. Nor can we expect that the best of our prayers should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of peace, but through the mediation of Christ, who ever lives, making intercession. The prayers Zacharias often made, received an answer of peace. Prayers of faith are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to prayer. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to God, and preparing them to receive the gospel of Christ. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, holiness, and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, God dealt justly with him, because he had objected against God's word. We may admire the patience of God towards us. God dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also God confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our sin, we are brought to give the more credit to the word of God, we have no reason to complain. Even real believers are apt to dishonour God by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising God with joy and gratitude. In God's gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.

vv26-38

We have here an account of the mother of our Lord; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise God for her. Christ must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled Mary. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with God, and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call Jesus, the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the Lord God. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, Jesus, a Saviour! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a Saviour is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the Saviour mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. Mary's reply to the angel was the language of faith and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of godliness, God manifest in the flesh, 1Ti 3:16. Christ's human nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the Divine nature. And we must, as Mary here, guide our desires by the word of God. In all conflicts, let us remember that with God nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into prayers, Behold the willing servant of the Lord; let it be unto me according to thy word.

Cross References

Luke 1
v17Malachi 4:5fulfillment

Prophesies the coming of Elijah the prophet before the great day, fulfilled in John's ministry.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v17Malachi 4:6fulfillment

Predicts turning the hearts of the fathers to the children, quoted directly by the angel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v31Isaiah 7:14fulfillment

Direct prophecy of a virgin conceiving and bearing a son, fulfilled in Mary's miraculous conception.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v461 Samuel 2:1allusion

Mary's Magnificat closely models Hannah's song of thanksgiving for her miraculous child.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v76Malachi 3:1fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment of sending the messenger to prepare the way of the Lord before Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v76Isaiah 40:3-5fulfillment

Direct prophecy of John going before the Lord's face to prepare His ways in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Establishes the division of Abijah (Abia) as the eighth priestly course organized by David.

Supported by JFB

v15Numbers 6:2-4typology

Defines the Nazarite vow of abstinence from wine and strong drink, outlining John's life consecration.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v19Daniel 9:21-23allusion

Identifies Gabriel as the messenger sent to bring highly-favored revelations and understanding.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v31Matthew 1:21thematic

Parallel angelic command to name the child Jesus, explaining His role as Savior.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v322 Samuel 7:12-13fulfillment

The Davidic covenant promise that God would establish the throne of David's seed forever.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v33Daniel 7:14fulfillment

Prophecy of an everlasting kingdom given to the Son of man, which shall not be destroyed.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v37Genesis 18:14allusion

The exact rhetorical question ('Is any thing too hard for the Lord?') echoing Sarah's miraculous conception.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v521 Samuel 2:7-8allusion

Verbal echo of Yahweh bringing down the mighty and raising the poor from the dust.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v531 Samuel 2:5allusion

Direct thematic and verbal echo: the hungry are filled while the full are sent empty.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v55Genesis 17:7fulfillment

The child fulfills God's covenant promise to be a God to Abraham and his seed.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v55Micah 7:20fulfillment

Prophetic promise of mercy and truth to Abraham and Jacob fulfilled in the incarnation.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v73Genesis 22:16fulfillment

The foundational oath sworn to Abraham which Zacharias declares God is now performing.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v78Isaiah 9:2fulfillment

Prophetic source for giving light to those sitting in darkness and the shadow of death.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v78Malachi 4:2allusion

The 'dayspring from on high' directly echoes the promised 'Sun of righteousness' arising.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Acts 1:1-3thematic

Luke's companion volume also addressed to Theophilus, resuming the orderly narrative.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Genesis 18:11thematic

Parallels Abraham and Sarah's advanced age and barrenness with Zacharias and Elisabeth's situation.

Supported by JFB

v9Exodus 30:7thematic

Prescribes the daily burning of sweet incense on the golden altar by the priests.

Supported by JFB

v10Psalms 141:2thematic

Parallels prayer with the burning of incense, representing the sweet-smelling savor of intercession.

Supported by JFB

v18Romans 4:19thematic

Contrasts Abraham's faith regarding his deadened body with Zacharias's unbelieving doubt.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v19Daniel 8:16allusion

The first biblical mention of the angel Gabriel making a person understand a vision.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v25Genesis 30:23thematic

Rachel uses identical wording ('God hath taken away my reproach') upon conceiving in barrenness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v26Daniel 8:16thematic

The only other book where the angel Gabriel is explicitly named as a divine messenger.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v32Isaiah 9:6-7fulfillment

Prophesies the child born ruling on David's throne with a kingdom of no end.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v41Genesis 25:22typology

The leaping of children within the womb as a sign of divine calling and destiny.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v48Psalms 113:7-8thematic

Praising God who raises the poor from the dust to sit with princes.

Supported by John Calvin

v48Genesis 30:13allusion

Leah's declaration 'happy am I, for daughters will call me blessed' echoed by Mary.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v54Psalms 98:3thematic

God remembering His mercy and truth toward the house of Israel.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v59Genesis 17:12fulfillment

Obedience to the covenant command to circumcise male children on the eighth day.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v64Luke 1:20fulfillment

The immediate loosening of Zacharias' tongue fulfills the angel's discipline and promise.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v69Psalms 132:17allusion

The raising up of a horn of salvation in the house of David echoes this Psalm.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB