Luke2
New Living Translation
1At that time the Roman emperor, Augustus, decreed that a census should be taken throughout the Roman Empire.
2(This was the first census taken when Quirinius was governor of Syria.)
3All returned to their own ancestral towns to register for this census.
4And because Joseph was a descendant of King David, he had to go to Bethlehem in Judea, David’s ancient home. He traveled there from the village of Nazareth in Galilee.
5He took with him Mary, to whom he was engaged, who was now expecting a child.
6And while they were there, the time came for her baby to be born.
7She gave birth to her firstborn son. She wrapped him snugly in strips of cloth and laid him in a manger, because there was no lodging available for them.
8That night there were shepherds staying in the fields nearby, guarding their flocks of sheep.
9Suddenly, an angel of the Lord appeared among them, and the radiance of the Lord’s glory surrounded them. They were terrified,
10but the angel reassured them. “Don’t be afraid!” he said. “I bring you good news that will bring great joy to all people.
11The Savior—yes, the Messiah, the Lord—has been born today in Bethlehem, the city of David!
12And you will recognize him by this sign: You will find a baby wrapped snugly in strips of cloth, lying in a manger.”
13Suddenly, the angel was joined by a vast host of others—the armies of heaven—praising God and saying,
14“Glory to God in highest heaven, and peace on earth to those with whom God is pleased.”
15When the angels had returned to heaven, the shepherds said to each other, “Let’s go to Bethlehem! Let’s see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has told us about.”
16They hurried to the village and found Mary and Joseph. And there was the baby, lying in the manger.
17After seeing him, the shepherds told everyone what had happened and what the angel had said to them about this child.
18All who heard the shepherds’ story were astonished,
19but Mary kept all these things in her heart and thought about them often.
20The shepherds went back to their flocks, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen. It was just as the angel had told them.
21Eight days later, when the baby was circumcised, he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel even before he was conceived.
22Then it was time for their purification offering, as required by the law of Moses after the birth of a child; so his parents took him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord.
23The law of the Lord says, “If a woman’s first child is a boy, he must be dedicated to the Lord.”
24So they offered the sacrifice required in the law of the Lord—“either a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.”
25At that time there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon. He was righteous and devout and was eagerly waiting for the Messiah to come and rescue Israel. The Holy Spirit was upon him
26and had revealed to him that he would not die until he had seen the Lord’s Messiah.
27That day the Spirit led him to the Temple. So when Mary and Joseph came to present the baby Jesus to the Lord as the law required,
28Simeon was there. He took the child in his arms and praised God, saying,
29“Sovereign Lord, now let your servant die in peace, as you have promised.
30I have seen your salvation,
31which you have prepared for all people.
32He is a light to reveal God to the nations, and he is the glory of your people Israel!”
33Jesus’ parents were amazed at what was being said about him.
34Then Simeon blessed them, and he said to Mary, the baby’s mother, “This child is destined to cause many in Israel to fall, and many others to rise. He has been sent as a sign from God, but many will oppose him.
35As a result, the deepest thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your very soul.”
36Anna, a prophet, was also there in the Temple. She was the daughter of Phanuel from the tribe of Asher, and she was very old. Her husband died when they had been married only seven years.
37Then she lived as a widow to the age of eighty-four. She never left the Temple but stayed there day and night, worshiping God with fasting and prayer.
38She came along just as Simeon was talking with Mary and Joseph, and she began praising God. She talked about the child to everyone who had been waiting expectantly for God to rescue Jerusalem.
39When Jesus’ parents had fulfilled all the requirements of the law of the Lord, they returned home to Nazareth in Galilee.
40There the child grew up healthy and strong. He was filled with wisdom, and God’s favor was on him.
41Every year Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem for the Passover festival.
42When Jesus was twelve years old, they attended the festival as usual.
43After the celebration was over, they started home to Nazareth, but Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His parents didn’t miss him at first,
44because they assumed he was among the other travelers. But when he didn’t show up that evening, they started looking for him among their relatives and friends.
45When they couldn’t find him, they went back to Jerusalem to search for him there.
46Three days later they finally discovered him in the Temple, sitting among the religious teachers, listening to them and asking questions.
47All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers.
48His parents didn’t know what to think. “Son,” his mother said to him, “why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been frantic, searching for you everywhere.”
49“But why did you need to search?” he asked. “Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?”
50But they didn’t understand what he meant.
51Then he returned to Nazareth with them and was obedient to them. And his mother stored all these things in her heart.
52Jesus grew in wisdom and in stature and in favor with God and all the people.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The birth of Christ. (1–7). It is made known to the shepherds. (8–20). Christ presented in the temple. (21–24). Simeon prophesies concerning Jesus. (25–35). Anna prophesies concerning him. (36–40). Christ with the learned men in the temple. (41–52).
vv1-7
The fulness of time was now come, when God would send forth his Son, made of a woman, and made under the law. The circumstances of his birth were very mean. Christ was born at an inn; he came into the world to sojourn here for awhile, as at an inn, and to teach us to do likewise. We are become by sin like an outcast infant, helpless and forlorn; and such a one was Christ. He well knew how unwilling we are to be meanly lodged, clothed, or fed; how we desire to have our children decorated and indulged; how apt the poor are to envy the rich, and how prone the rich to disdain the poor. But when we by faith view the Son of God being made man and lying in a manger, our vanity, ambition, and envy are checked. We cannot, with this object rightly before us, seek great things for ourselves or our children.
vv8-20
Angels were heralds of the new-born Saviour, but they were only sent to some poor, humble, pious, industrious shepherds, who were in the business of their calling, keeping watch over their flock. We are not out of the way of Divine visits, when we are employed in an honest calling, and abide with God in it. Let God have the honour of this work; Glory to God in the highest. God's good-will to men, manifested in sending the Messiah, redounds to his praise. Other works of God are for his glory, but the redemption of the world is for his glory in the highest. God's goodwill in sending the Messiah, brought peace into this lower world. Peace is here put for all that good which flows to us from Christ's taking our nature upon him. This is a faithful saying, attested by an innumerable company of angels, and well worthy of all acceptation, That the good-will of God toward men, is glory to God in the highest, and peace on the earth. The shepherds lost no time, but came with haste to the place. They were satisfied, and made known abroad concerning this child, that he was the Saviour, even Christ the Lord. Mary carefully observed and thought upon all these things, which were so suited to enliven her holy affections. We should be more delivered from errors in judgment and practice, did we more fully ponder these things in our hearts. It is still proclaimed in our ears that to us is born a Saviour, Christ the Lord. These should be glad tidings to all.
vv21-24
Our Lord Jesus was not born in sin, and did not need that mortification of a corrupt nature, or that renewal unto holiness, which were signified by circumcision. This ordinance was, in his case, a pledge of his future perfect obedience to the whole law, in the midst of sufferings and temptations, even unto death for us. At the end of forty days, Mary went up to the temple to offer the appointed sacrifices for her purification. Joseph also presented the holy child Jesus, because, as a first-born son, he was to be presented to the Lord, and redeemed according to the law. Let us present our children to the Lord who gave them to us, beseeching him to redeem them from sin and death, and make them holy to himself.
Key Words
ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos): that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
ἡμέρα (hēméra): day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the Jews as inclusive of the parts of both extremes); figuratively, a period (always defined more or less clearly by the context)
δόγμα (dógma): a law (civil, ceremonial or ecclesiastical)
ἐξέρχομαι (exérchomai): to issue (literally or figuratively)
παρά (pará): properly, near; i.e. (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subjectively), (with accusative case) to the proximity with (local (especially beyond or opposed to) or causal (on account of)
Καῖσαρ (Kaîsar): Cæsar, a title of the Roman emperor
Αὐγοῦστος (Augoûstos): Augustus, a title of the Roman emperor
πᾶς (pâs): all, any, every, the whole
οἰκουμένη (oikouménē): land, i.e. the (terrene part of the) globe; specially, the Roman empire
ἀπογράφω (apográphō): to write off (a copy or list), i.e. enrol
Cross References
Luke 2Prophetic prediction of Messiah's birth in Bethlehem, fulfilled via Augustus's decree.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The Mosaic law prescribing the period and requirements for a mother's purification after childbirth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The original law requiring every firstborn male to be consecrated to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The provision for poor families to offer turtledoves/pigeons instead of a lamb.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Simeon's direct allusion to the Servant of the Lord being a light to the Gentiles.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Simeon echoes the language of the Messiah bringing salvation and light to the Gentiles.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Historical reference to the later census/taxing under Cyrenius that led to insurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Bethlehem as the city of David, where David was anointed king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Mary being espoused to Joseph before they came together.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological significance of Christ's voluntary poverty at His incarnation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Verbal parallel to Jacob keeping Joseph's dreams in mind/heart, as Mary did here.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The fulfillment of Simeon's prophecy of a sword piercing Mary's soul at the cross.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Textual prototype of the child Samuel growing in favor with the Lord and men.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Socio-religious parallel to the NT standard of honorable, dedicated widows serving the church.
Supported by John Calvin
The law requiring all Jewish males to appear before the Lord three times a year.
Supported by Matthew Poole