1 Timothy5
New Living Translation
1Never speak harshly to an older man, but appeal to him respectfully as you would to your own father. Talk to younger men as you would to your own brothers.
2Treat older women as you would your mother, and treat younger women with all purity as you would your own sisters.
3Take care of any widow who has no one else to care for her.
4But if she has children or grandchildren, their first responsibility is to show godliness at home and repay their parents by taking care of them. This is something that pleases God.
5Now a true widow, a woman who is truly alone in this world, has placed her hope in God. She prays night and day, asking God for his help.
6But the widow who lives only for pleasure is spiritually dead even while she lives.
7Give these instructions to the church so that no one will be open to criticism.
8But those who won’t care for their relatives, especially those in their own household, have denied the true faith. Such people are worse than unbelievers.
9A widow who is put on the list for support must be a woman who is at least sixty years old and was faithful to her husband.
10She must be well respected by everyone because of the good she has done. Has she brought up her children well? Has she been kind to strangers and served other believers humbly? Has she helped those who are in trouble? Has she always been ready to do good?
11The younger widows should not be on the list, because their physical desires will overpower their devotion to Christ and they will want to remarry.
12Then they would be guilty of breaking their previous pledge.
13And if they are on the list, they will learn to be lazy and will spend their time gossiping from house to house, meddling in other people’s business and talking about things they shouldn’t.
14So I advise these younger widows to marry again, have children, and take care of their own homes. Then the enemy will not be able to say anything against them.
15For I am afraid that some of them have already gone astray and now follow Satan.
16If a woman who is a believer has relatives who are widows, she must take care of them and not put the responsibility on the church. Then the church can care for the widows who are truly alone.
17Elders who do their work well should be respected and paid well, especially those who work hard at both preaching and teaching.
18For the Scripture says, “You must not muzzle an ox to keep it from eating as it treads out the grain.” And in another place, “Those who work deserve their pay!”
19Do not listen to an accusation against an elder unless it is confirmed by two or three witnesses.
20Those who sin should be reprimanded in front of the whole church; this will serve as a strong warning to others.
21I solemnly command you in the presence of God and Christ Jesus and the highest angels to obey these instructions without taking sides or showing favoritism to anyone.
22Never be in a hurry about appointing a church leader. Do not share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure.
23Don’t drink only water. You ought to drink a little wine for the sake of your stomach because you are sick so often.
24Remember, the sins of some people are obvious, leading them to certain judgment. But there are others whose sins will not be revealed until later.
25In the same way, the good deeds of some people are obvious. And the good deeds done in secret will someday come to light.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Directions as to the elder and younger men and women. (1, 2). And as to poor widows. (3–8). Concerning widows. (9–16). The respect to be paid to elders. Timothy is to take care in rebuking offenders, in ordaining ministers, and as to his own health. (17–25).
vv1-2
Respect must be paid to the dignity of years and place. The younger, if faulty, must be rebuked, not as desirous to find fault with them, but as willing to make the best of them. There is need of much meekness and care in reproving those who deserve reproof.
vv3-8
Honour widows that are widows indeed, relieve them, and maintain them. It is the duty of children, if their parents are in need, and they are able to relieve them, to do it to the utmost of their power. Widowhood is a desolate state; but let widows trust in the Lord, and continue in prayer. All who live in pleasure, are dead while they live, spiritually dead, dead in trespasses and sins. Alas, what numbers there are of this description among nominal Christians, even to the latest period of life! If any men or women do not maintain their poor relations, they in effect deny the faith. If they spend upon their lusts and pleasures, what should maintain their families, they have denied the faith, and are worse than infidels. If professors of the gospel give way to any corrupt principle or conduct, they are worse than those who do not profess to believe the doctrines of grace.
vv9-16
Every one brought into any office in the church, should be free from just censure; and many are proper objects of charity, yet ought not to be employed in public services. Those who would find mercy when they are in distress, must show mercy when they are in prosperity; and those who show most readiness for every good work, are most likely to be faithful in whatever is trusted to them. Those who are idle, very seldom are only idle, they make mischief among neighbours, and sow discord among brethren. All believers are required to relieve those belonging to their families who are destitute, that the church may not be prevented from relieving such as are entirely destitute and friendless.
Key Words
μή (mḗ): (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas G3756 (οὐ) expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἐπιπλήσσω (epiplḗssō): to chastise, i.e. (with words) to upbraid
πρεσβύτερος (presbýteros): older; as noun, a senior; specially, an Israelite Sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or Christian "presbyter"
ἀλλά (allá): properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
παρακαλέω (parakaléō): to call near, i.e. invite, invoke (by imploration, hortation or consolation)
ὡς (hōs): which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
πατήρ (patḗr): a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
νέος (néos): "new", i.e. (of persons) youthful, or (of things) fresh; figuratively, regenerate
ἀδελφός (adelphós): a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like G1 (Α))
μήτηρ (mḗtēr): a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
Cross References
1 Timothy 5Explicitly quoted by Paul regarding the treading ox to defend the maintenance of ministers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct quotation of Christ's statement that 'the labourer is worthy of his hire/reward.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Jesus condemns using religious pretexts to avoid financially honoring and supporting needy parents.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Anna serves as the prime exemplar of a widow serving God with prayers night and day.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic judicial requirement of two or three witnesses for receiving an accusation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the condemnation of living in wanton pleasure and luxury while spiritually dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's exemplar of washing feet as the model for the widow washing the saints' feet.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the duty to share all good things with those who teach the word.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The early church's historical institution of daily ministration to support desolate widows.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Instruction regarding aged women's behavior, reinforcing holy demeanor and devotion in the church.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Failing practical duties denies the faith, matching those who profess God but deny Him by works.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Believers are exhorted to recognize and highly esteem those who labor among them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's public rebuke of Peter is a direct historical execution of rebuking sin before all.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Old Testament command to rise up before the hoary head and honor the elder.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The qualification 'wife of one man' mirrors the overseer requirement of 'husband of one wife.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB