1 Timothy5
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Rebuke not an elder, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brethren:
2the elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, in all purity.
3Honor widows that are widows indeed.
4But if any widow hath children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety towards their own family, and to requite their parents: for this is acceptable in the sight of God.
5Now she that is a widow indeed, and desolate, hath her hope set on God, and continueth in supplications and prayers night and day.
6But she that giveth herself to pleasure is dead while she liveth.
7These things also command, that they may be without reproach.
8But if any provideth not for his own, and specially his own household, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an unbeliever.
9Let none be enrolled as a widow under threescore years old, having been the wife of one man,
10well reported of for good works; if she hath brought up children, if she hath used hospitality to strangers, if she hath washed the saints’ feet, if she hath relieved the afflicted, if she hath diligently followed every good work.
11But younger widows refuse: for when they have waxed wanton against Christ, they desire to marry;
12having condemnation, because they have rejected their first pledge.
13And withal they learn also to be idle, going about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.
14I desire therefore that the younger widows marry, bear children, rule the household, give no occasion to the adversary for reviling:
15for already some are turned aside after Satan.
16If any woman that believeth hath widows, let her relieve them, and let not the church be burdened; that it may relieve them that are widows indeed.
17Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
18For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. And, The laborer is worthy of his hire.
19Against an elder receive not an accusation, except at the mouth of two or three witnesses.
20Them that sin reprove in the sight of all, that the rest also may be in fear.
21I charge thee in the sight of God, and Christ Jesus, and the elect angels, that thou observe these things without prejudice, doing nothing by partiality.
22Lay hands hastily on no man, neither be partaker of other men’s sins: keep thyself pure.
23Be no longer a drinker of water, but use a little wine for thy stomach’s sake and thine often infirmities.
24Some men’s sins are evident, going before unto judgment; and some men also they follow after.
25In like manner also there are good works that are evident; and such as are otherwise cannot be hid.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Directions as to the elder and younger men and women. (1, 2). And as to poor widows. (3–8). Concerning widows. (9–16). The respect to be paid to elders. Timothy is to take care in rebuking offenders, in ordaining ministers, and as to his own health. (17–25).
vv1-2
Respect must be paid to the dignity of years and place. The younger, if faulty, must be rebuked, not as desirous to find fault with them, but as willing to make the best of them. There is need of much meekness and care in reproving those who deserve reproof.
vv3-8
Honour widows that are widows indeed, relieve them, and maintain them. It is the duty of children, if their parents are in need, and they are able to relieve them, to do it to the utmost of their power. Widowhood is a desolate state; but let widows trust in the Lord, and continue in prayer. All who live in pleasure, are dead while they live, spiritually dead, dead in trespasses and sins. Alas, what numbers there are of this description among nominal Christians, even to the latest period of life! If any men or women do not maintain their poor relations, they in effect deny the faith. If they spend upon their lusts and pleasures, what should maintain their families, they have denied the faith, and are worse than infidels. If professors of the gospel give way to any corrupt principle or conduct, they are worse than those who do not profess to believe the doctrines of grace.
vv9-16
Every one brought into any office in the church, should be free from just censure; and many are proper objects of charity, yet ought not to be employed in public services. Those who would find mercy when they are in distress, must show mercy when they are in prosperity; and those who show most readiness for every good work, are most likely to be faithful in whatever is trusted to them. Those who are idle, very seldom are only idle, they make mischief among neighbours, and sow discord among brethren. All believers are required to relieve those belonging to their families who are destitute, that the church may not be prevented from relieving such as are entirely destitute and friendless.
Key Words
μή (mḗ): (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas G3756 (οὐ) expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἐπιπλήσσω (epiplḗssō): to chastise, i.e. (with words) to upbraid
πρεσβύτερος (presbýteros): older; as noun, a senior; specially, an Israelite Sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or Christian "presbyter"
ἀλλά (allá): properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
παρακαλέω (parakaléō): to call near, i.e. invite, invoke (by imploration, hortation or consolation)
ὡς (hōs): which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
πατήρ (patḗr): a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
νέος (néos): "new", i.e. (of persons) youthful, or (of things) fresh; figuratively, regenerate
ἀδελφός (adelphós): a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like G1 (Α))
μήτηρ (mḗtēr): a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
Cross References
1 Timothy 5Explicitly quoted by Paul regarding the treading ox to defend the maintenance of ministers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct quotation of Christ's statement that 'the labourer is worthy of his hire/reward.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Jesus condemns using religious pretexts to avoid financially honoring and supporting needy parents.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Anna serves as the prime exemplar of a widow serving God with prayers night and day.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic judicial requirement of two or three witnesses for receiving an accusation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the condemnation of living in wanton pleasure and luxury while spiritually dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's exemplar of washing feet as the model for the widow washing the saints' feet.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the duty to share all good things with those who teach the word.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The early church's historical institution of daily ministration to support desolate widows.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Instruction regarding aged women's behavior, reinforcing holy demeanor and devotion in the church.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Failing practical duties denies the faith, matching those who profess God but deny Him by works.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Believers are exhorted to recognize and highly esteem those who labor among them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's public rebuke of Peter is a direct historical execution of rebuking sin before all.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Old Testament command to rise up before the hoary head and honor the elder.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The qualification 'wife of one man' mirrors the overseer requirement of 'husband of one wife.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB