1 Timothy5
New American Standard
1Do not sharply rebuke an older man, but rather appeal to him as a father, and to the younger men as brothers,
2to the older women as mothers, and to the younger women as sisters, in all purity.
3Honor widows who are actually widows;
4but if any widow has children or grandchildren, they must first learn to show proper respect for their own family and to give back compensation to their parents; for this is acceptable in the sight of God.
5Now she who is actually a widow and has been left alone has set her hope on God, and she continues in requests and prayers night and day.
6But she who indulges herself in luxury is dead, even while she lives.
7Give these instructions as well, so that they may be above reproach.
8But if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for those of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.
9A widow is to be put on the list only if she is not less than sixty years old, having been the wife of one man,
10having a reputation for good works; and if she has brought up children, if she has shown hospitality to strangers, if she has washed the saints’ feet, if she has assisted those in distress, and if she has devoted herself to every good work.
11But refuse to register younger widows, for when they feel physical desires alienating them from Christ, they want to get married,
12thereby incurring condemnation, because they have ignored their previous pledge.
13At the same time they also learn to be idle, as they go around from house to house; and not merely idle, but also they become gossips and busybodies, talking about things not proper to mention.
14Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, have children, manage their households, and give the enemy no opportunity for reproach;
15for some have already turned away to follow Satan.
16If any woman who is a believer has dependent widows, she must assist them and the church must not be burdened, so that it may assist those who are actually widows.
17The elders who lead well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
18For the Scripture says, “You shall not muzzle the ox while it is threshing,” and “The laborer is worthy of his wages.”
19Do not accept an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.
20Those who continue in sin, rebuke in the presence of all, so that the rest also will be fearful of sinning.
21I solemnly exhort you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus and of His chosen angels, to maintain these principles without bias, doing nothing in a spirit of partiality.
22Do not lay hands upon anyone too quickly and thereby share responsibility for the sins of others; keep yourself free from sin.
23Do not go on drinking only water, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.
24The sins of some people are quite evident, going before them to judgment; for others, their sins follow after.
25Likewise also, deeds that are good are quite evident, and those which are otherwise cannot be concealed.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Directions as to the elder and younger men and women. (1, 2). And as to poor widows. (3–8). Concerning widows. (9–16). The respect to be paid to elders. Timothy is to take care in rebuking offenders, in ordaining ministers, and as to his own health. (17–25).
vv1-2
Respect must be paid to the dignity of years and place. The younger, if faulty, must be rebuked, not as desirous to find fault with them, but as willing to make the best of them. There is need of much meekness and care in reproving those who deserve reproof.
vv3-8
Honour widows that are widows indeed, relieve them, and maintain them. It is the duty of children, if their parents are in need, and they are able to relieve them, to do it to the utmost of their power. Widowhood is a desolate state; but let widows trust in the Lord, and continue in prayer. All who live in pleasure, are dead while they live, spiritually dead, dead in trespasses and sins. Alas, what numbers there are of this description among nominal Christians, even to the latest period of life! If any men or women do not maintain their poor relations, they in effect deny the faith. If they spend upon their lusts and pleasures, what should maintain their families, they have denied the faith, and are worse than infidels. If professors of the gospel give way to any corrupt principle or conduct, they are worse than those who do not profess to believe the doctrines of grace.
vv9-16
Every one brought into any office in the church, should be free from just censure; and many are proper objects of charity, yet ought not to be employed in public services. Those who would find mercy when they are in distress, must show mercy when they are in prosperity; and those who show most readiness for every good work, are most likely to be faithful in whatever is trusted to them. Those who are idle, very seldom are only idle, they make mischief among neighbours, and sow discord among brethren. All believers are required to relieve those belonging to their families who are destitute, that the church may not be prevented from relieving such as are entirely destitute and friendless.
Key Words
μή (mḗ): (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas G3756 (οὐ) expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἐπιπλήσσω (epiplḗssō): to chastise, i.e. (with words) to upbraid
πρεσβύτερος (presbýteros): older; as noun, a senior; specially, an Israelite Sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or Christian "presbyter"
ἀλλά (allá): properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
παρακαλέω (parakaléō): to call near, i.e. invite, invoke (by imploration, hortation or consolation)
ὡς (hōs): which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
πατήρ (patḗr): a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
νέος (néos): "new", i.e. (of persons) youthful, or (of things) fresh; figuratively, regenerate
ἀδελφός (adelphós): a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like G1 (Α))
μήτηρ (mḗtēr): a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
Cross References
1 Timothy 5Explicitly quoted by Paul regarding the treading ox to defend the maintenance of ministers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct quotation of Christ's statement that 'the labourer is worthy of his hire/reward.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Jesus condemns using religious pretexts to avoid financially honoring and supporting needy parents.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Anna serves as the prime exemplar of a widow serving God with prayers night and day.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic judicial requirement of two or three witnesses for receiving an accusation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the condemnation of living in wanton pleasure and luxury while spiritually dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's exemplar of washing feet as the model for the widow washing the saints' feet.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the duty to share all good things with those who teach the word.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The early church's historical institution of daily ministration to support desolate widows.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Instruction regarding aged women's behavior, reinforcing holy demeanor and devotion in the church.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Failing practical duties denies the faith, matching those who profess God but deny Him by works.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Believers are exhorted to recognize and highly esteem those who labor among them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's public rebuke of Peter is a direct historical execution of rebuking sin before all.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Old Testament command to rise up before the hoary head and honor the elder.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The qualification 'wife of one man' mirrors the overseer requirement of 'husband of one wife.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB