1 Timothy3
New American Standard
1It is a trustworthy statement: if any man aspires to the office of overseer, it is a fine work he desires to do.
2An overseer, then, must be above reproach, the husband of one wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, skillful in teaching,
3not overindulging in wine, not a bully, but gentle, not contentious, free from the love of money.
4He must be one who manages his own household well, keeping his children under control with all dignity
5(but if a man does not know how to manage his own household, how will he take care of the church of God?),
6and not a new convert, so that he will not become conceited and fall into condemnation incurred by the devil.
7And he must have a good reputation with those outside the church, so that he will not fall into disgrace and the snare of the devil.
8Deacons likewise must be men of dignity, not insincere, not prone to drink much wine, not greedy for money,
9but holding to the mystery of the faith with a clear conscience.
10These men must also first be tested; then have them serve as deacons if they are beyond reproach.
11Women must likewise be dignified, not malicious gossips, but temperate, faithful in all things.
12Deacons must be husbands of one wife, and good managers of their children and their own households.
13For those who have served well as deacons obtain for themselves a high standing and great confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus.
14I am writing these things to you, hoping to come to you before long;
15but in case I am delayed, I write so that you will know how one should act in the household of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and support of the truth.
16Beyond question, great is the mystery of godliness: He who was revealed in the flesh, Was vindicated in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Proclaimed among the nations, Believed on in the world, Taken up in glory.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The qualifications and behaviour of gospel bishops. (1–7). And of deacons and their wives. (8–13). The reason of writing about these, and other church affairs. (14–16).
vv1-7
If a man desired the pastoral office, and from love to Christ, and the souls of men, was ready to deny himself, and undergo hardships by devoting himself to that service, he sought to be employed in a good work, and his desire should be approved, provided he was qualified for the office. A minister must give as little occasion for blame as can be, lest he bring reproach upon his office. He must be sober, temperate, moderate in all his actions, and in the use of all creature-comforts. Sobriety and watchfulness are put together in Scripture, they assist one the other. The families of ministers ought to be examples of good to all other families. We should take heed of pride; it is a sin that turned angels into devils. He must be of good repute among his neighbours, and under no reproach from his former life. To encourage all faithful ministers, we have Christ's gracious word of promise, Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world, Mt 28:20. And he will fit his ministers for their work, and carry them through difficulties with comfort, and reward their faithfulness.
vv8-13
The deacons were at first appointed to distribute the charity of the church, and to manage its concerns, yet pastors and evangelists were among them. The deacons had a great trust reposed in them. They must be grave, serious, prudent men. It is not fit that public trusts should be lodged in the hands of any, till they are found fit for the business with which they are to be trusted. All who are related to ministers, must take great care to walk as becomes the gospel of Christ.
vv14-16
The church is the house of God; he dwells there. The church holds forth the Scripture and the doctrine of Christ, as a pillar holds forth a proclamation. When a church ceases to be the pillar and ground of truth, we may and ought to forsake her; for our regard to truth should be first and greatest. The mystery of godliness is Christ. He is God, who was made flesh, and was manifest in the flesh. God was pleased to manifest himself to man, by his own Son taking the nature of man. Though reproached as a sinner, and put to death as a malefactor, Christ was raised again by the Spirit, and so was justified from all the false charges with which he was loaded. Angels ministered to him, for he is the Lord of angels. The Gentiles welcomed the gospel which the Jews rejected. Let us remember that God was manifest in the flesh, to take away our sins, to redeem us from all iniquity, and to purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. These doctrines must be shown forth by the fruits of the Spirit in our lives.
Key Words
λόγος (lógos): something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a computation; specially, (with the article in John) the Divine Expression (i.e. Christ)
πιστός (pistós): objectively, trustworthy; subjectively, trustful
εἴ τις (eí tis): if any
ὀρέγομαι (orégomai): to stretch oneself, i.e. reach out after (long for)
ἐπισκοπή (episkopḗ): inspection (for relief); by implication, superintendence; specially, the Christian "episcopate"
ἐπιθυμέω (epithyméō): to set the heart upon, i.e. long for (rightfully or otherwise)
καλός (kalós): X better, fair, good(-ly), honest, meet, well, worthy
ἔργον (érgon): toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
οὖν (oûn): (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos): a superintendent, i.e. Christian officer in genitive case charge of a (or the) church (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
1 Timothy 3Direct sister list of qualifications for elders/bishops in Titus, mirroring several Greek terms.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Textual parallel to "God was manifest in the flesh" as the Word made flesh.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Paul's charge to Ephesian elders, equating overseers (bishops) with the duty to shepherd God's church.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Uses the parallel phrase "wife of one man" to clarify "husband of one wife."
Supported by JFB
Parallels "justified in the Spirit" with Christ being put to death in flesh, quickened by Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illuminates "seen of angels" as things the angels long to look into.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats Paul's characteristic Pastoral Epistle formula: "This is a faithful/true saying."
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The original historical institution and qualifications of deacons in the Jerusalem church.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Connects holding the faith with keeping a good and pure conscience.
Supported by John Calvin
Contrast lesson: Eli's failure to rule his house brought judgment on God's sanctuary.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Commands not to lay hands suddenly, fitting the rule to "first be proved."
Supported by John Calvin
Echoes the language of a "great mystery" regarding Christ and the Church.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the qualification of being "apt to teach" and patient/gentle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament background forbidding priests from drinking wine when ministering in the tabernacle.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the depiction of the Church as "the house of God."
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies believers as the temple/house of the "living God."
Supported by Matthew Henry