1 Timothy 5NIV
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1 Timothy5

New International Version

1Do not rebuke an older man harshly, but exhort him as if he were your father. Treat younger men as brothers,

2older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity.

3Give proper recognition to those widows who are really in need.

4But if a widow has children or grandchildren, these should learn first of all to put their religion into practice by caring for their own family and so repaying their parents and grandparents, for this is pleasing to God.

5The widow who is really in need and left all alone puts her hope in God and continues night and day to pray and to ask God for help.

6But the widow who lives for pleasure is dead even while she lives.

7Give the people these instructions, so that no one may be open to blame.

8Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own household, has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

9No widow may be put on the list of widows unless she is over sixty, has been faithful to her husband,

10and is well known for her good deeds, such as bringing up children, showing hospitality, washing the feet of the Lord’s people, helping those in trouble and devoting herself to all kinds of good deeds.

11As for younger widows, do not put them on such a list. For when their sensual desires overcome their dedication to Christ, they want to marry.

12Thus they bring judgment on themselves, because they have broken their first pledge.

13Besides, they get into the habit of being idle and going about from house to house. And not only do they become idlers, but also busybodies who talk nonsense, saying things they ought not to.

14So I counsel younger widows to marry, to have children, to manage their homes and to give the enemy no opportunity for slander.

15Some have in fact already turned away to follow Satan.

16If any woman who is a believer has widows in her care, she should continue to help them and not let the church be burdened with them, so that the church can help those widows who are really in need.

17The elders who direct the affairs of the church well are worthy of double honor, especially those whose work is preaching and teaching.

18For Scripture says, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain,” and “The worker deserves his wages.”

19Do not entertain an accusation against an elder unless it is brought by two or three witnesses.

20But those elders who are sinning you are to reprove before everyone, so that the others may take warning.

21I charge you, in the sight of God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels, to keep these instructions without partiality, and to do nothing out of favoritism.

22Do not be hasty in the laying on of hands, and do not share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure.

23Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses.

24The sins of some are obvious, reaching the place of judgment ahead of them; the sins of others trail behind them.

25In the same way, good deeds are obvious, and even those that are not obvious cannot remain hidden forever.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 5.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Directions as to the elder and younger men and women. (1, 2). And as to poor widows. (3–8). Concerning widows. (9–16). The respect to be paid to elders. Timothy is to take care in rebuking offenders, in ordaining ministers, and as to his own health. (17–25).

vv1-2

Respect must be paid to the dignity of years and place. The younger, if faulty, must be rebuked, not as desirous to find fault with them, but as willing to make the best of them. There is need of much meekness and care in reproving those who deserve reproof.

vv3-8

Honour widows that are widows indeed, relieve them, and maintain them. It is the duty of children, if their parents are in need, and they are able to relieve them, to do it to the utmost of their power. Widowhood is a desolate state; but let widows trust in the Lord, and continue in prayer. All who live in pleasure, are dead while they live, spiritually dead, dead in trespasses and sins. Alas, what numbers there are of this description among nominal Christians, even to the latest period of life! If any men or women do not maintain their poor relations, they in effect deny the faith. If they spend upon their lusts and pleasures, what should maintain their families, they have denied the faith, and are worse than infidels. If professors of the gospel give way to any corrupt principle or conduct, they are worse than those who do not profess to believe the doctrines of grace.

vv9-16

Every one brought into any office in the church, should be free from just censure; and many are proper objects of charity, yet ought not to be employed in public services. Those who would find mercy when they are in distress, must show mercy when they are in prosperity; and those who show most readiness for every good work, are most likely to be faithful in whatever is trusted to them. Those who are idle, very seldom are only idle, they make mischief among neighbours, and sow discord among brethren. All believers are required to relieve those belonging to their families who are destitute, that the church may not be prevented from relieving such as are entirely destitute and friendless.

Cross References

1 Timothy 5
v18Deuteronomy 25:4quotation

Explicitly quoted by Paul regarding the treading ox to defend the maintenance of ministers.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v18Luke 10:7quotation

Direct quotation of Christ's statement that 'the labourer is worthy of his hire/reward.'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v4Matthew 15:4-6thematic

Jesus condemns using religious pretexts to avoid financially honoring and supporting needy parents.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Luke 2:37thematic

Anna serves as the prime exemplar of a widow serving God with prayers night and day.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Mosaic judicial requirement of two or three witnesses for receiving an accusation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6James 5:5thematic

Echoes the condemnation of living in wanton pleasure and luxury while spiritually dead.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10John 13:5-15thematic

Christ's exemplar of washing feet as the model for the widow washing the saints' feet.

Supported by John Calvin

v17Galatians 6:6thematic

Parallels the duty to share all good things with those who teach the word.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v3Acts 6:1thematic

The early church's historical institution of daily ministration to support desolate widows.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Titus 2:3thematic

Instruction regarding aged women's behavior, reinforcing holy demeanor and devotion in the church.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Titus 1:16thematic

Failing practical duties denies the faith, matching those who profess God but deny Him by works.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Believers are exhorted to recognize and highly esteem those who labor among them.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Galatians 2:14thematic

Paul's public rebuke of Peter is a direct historical execution of rebuking sin before all.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Leviticus 19:32thematic

The Old Testament command to rise up before the hoary head and honor the elder.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Timothy 3:2thematic

The qualification 'wife of one man' mirrors the overseer requirement of 'husband of one wife.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB