Titus1
New International Version
1Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ to further the faith of God’s elect and their knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness—
2in the hope of eternal life, which God, who does not lie, promised before the beginning of time,
3and which now at his appointed season he has brought to light through the preaching entrusted to me by the command of God our Savior,
4To Titus, my true son in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.
5The reason I left you in Crete was that you might put in order what was left unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you.
6An elder must be blameless, faithful to his wife, a man whose children believe and are not open to the charge of being wild and disobedient.
7Since an overseer manages God’s household, he must be blameless—not overbearing, not quick-tempered, not given to drunkenness, not violent, not pursuing dishonest gain.
8Rather, he must be hospitable, one who loves what is good, who is self-controlled, upright, holy and disciplined.
9He must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it.
10For there are many rebellious people, full of meaningless talk and deception, especially those of the circumcision group.
11They must be silenced, because they are disrupting whole households by teaching things they ought not to teach—and that for the sake of dishonest gain.
12One of Crete’s own prophets has said it: “Cretans are always liars, evil brutes, lazy gluttons.”
13This saying is true. Therefore rebuke them sharply, so that they will be sound in the faith
14and will pay no attention to Jewish myths or to the merely human commands of those who reject the truth.
15To the pure, all things are pure, but to those who are corrupted and do not believe, nothing is pure. In fact, both their minds and consciences are corrupted.
16They claim to know God, but by their actions they deny him. They are detestable, disobedient and unfit for doing anything good.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Titus 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The apostle salutes Titus. (1–4). The qualifications of a faithful pastor. (5–9). The evil temper and practices of false teachers. (10–16).
vv1-4
All are the servants of God who are not slaves of sin and Satan. All gospel truth is according to godliness, teaching the fear of God. The intent of the gospel is to raise up hope as well as faith; to take off the mind and heart from the world, and to raise them to heaven and the things above. How excellent then is the gospel, which was the matter of Divine promise so early, and what thanks are due for our privileges! Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God; and whoso is appointed and called, must preach the word. Grace is the free favour of God, and acceptance with him. Mercy, the fruits of the favour, in the pardon of sin, and freedom from all miseries both here and hereafter. And peace is the effect and fruit of mercy. Peace with God through Christ who is our Peace, and with the creatures and ourselves. Grace is the fountain of all blessings. Mercy, and peace, and all good, spring out of this.
vv5-9
The character and qualification of pastors, here called elders and bishops, agree with what the apostle wrote to Timothy. Being such bishops and overseers of the flock, to be examples to them, and God's stewards to take care of the affairs of his household, there is great reason that they should be blameless. What they are not to be, is plainly shown, as well as what they are to be, as servants of Christ, and able ministers of the letter and practice of the gospel. And here are described the spirit and practice becoming such as should be examples of good works.
vv10-16
False teachers are described. Faithful ministers must oppose such in good time, that their folly being made manifest, they may go no further They had a base end in what they did; serving a worldly interest under pretence of religion: for the love of money is the root of all evil. Such should be resisted, and put to shame, by sound doctrine from the Scriptures. Shameful actions, the reproach of heathens, should be far from Christians; falsehood and lying, envious craft and cruelty, brutal and sensual practices, and idleness and sloth, are sins condemned even by the light of nature. But Christian meekness is as far from cowardly passing over sin and error, as from anger and impatience. And though there may be national differences of character, yet the heart of man in every age and place is deceitful and desperately wicked. But the sharpest reproofs must aim at the good of the reproved; and soundness in the faith is most desirable and necessary. To those who are defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure; they abuse, and turn things lawful and good into sin. Many profess to know God, yet in their lives deny and reject him. See the miserable state of hypocrites, such as have a form of godliness, but are without the power; yet let us not be so ready to fix this charge on others, as careful that it does not apply to ourselves.
Key Words
Παῦλος (Paûlos): (little; but remotely from a derivative of G3973 (παύω), meaning the same); Paulus, the name of a Roman and of an apostle
δοῦλος (doûlos): a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
θεός (theós): figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἀπόστολος (apóstolos): a delegate; specially, an ambassador of the Gospel; officially a commissioner of Christ ("apostle") (with miraculous powers)
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs): Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
Χριστός (Christós): anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
κατά (katá): (prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
πίστις (pístis): persuasion, i.e. credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of God or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon Christ for salvation; abstractly, constancy in such profession; by extension, the system of religious (Gospel) truth itself
ἐκλεκτός (eklektós): select; by implication, favorite
Cross References
Titus 1Direct parallel requirements for the office of overseer/elder, including family management and blameless character.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects God's purpose and eternal grace promised before the world/ages began.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel mystery kept secret since the world began, now manifested.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal link with the character of God "who cannot lie" (impossible for God to lie).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical salutation pattern to a direct spiritual child (Timothy) with "grace, mercy, and peace."
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels "unto the pure all things are pure" with "nothing is unclean of itself."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects faith specifically with "God's elect" or those ordained to eternal life.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the key phrase "doctrine which is according to godliness."
Supported by JFB
Historical presence of Cretans at Pentecost, explaining how the gospel first reached the island.
Supported by JFB
Historical account of Paul's voyage touching Crete, establishing the geographic context.
Supported by JFB
Warns elders against serving for "filthy lucre" (base gain), matching Titus 1:7.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul's style of quoting pagan poets/prophets to address his audience.
Condemns teaching "commandments of men," paralleling Titus 1:14.
Exposes false asceticism forbidding foods which God created to be received by believers.
Describes hypocrites who have a form of godliness but deny its power in works.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the apostolic mandate to use sharpness/severity for restoration, not destruction.