1 Timothy4
New International Version
1The Spirit clearly says that in later times some will abandon the faith and follow deceiving spirits and things taught by demons.
2Such teachings come through hypocritical liars, whose consciences have been seared as with a hot iron.
3They forbid people to marry and order them to abstain from certain foods, which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and who know the truth.
4For everything God created is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving,
5because it is consecrated by the word of God and prayer.
6If you point these things out to the brothers and sisters, you will be a good minister of Christ Jesus, nourished on the truths of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed.
7Have nothing to do with godless myths and old wives’ tales; rather, train yourself to be godly.
8For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come.
9This is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance.
10That is why we labor and strive, because we have put our hope in the living God, who is the Savior of all people, and especially of those who believe.
11Command and teach these things.
12Don’t let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith and in purity.
13Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to preaching and to teaching.
14Do not neglect your gift, which was given you through prophecy when the body of elders laid their hands on you.
15Be diligent in these matters; give yourself wholly to them, so that everyone may see your progress.
16Watch your life and doctrine closely. Persevere in them, because if you do, you will save both yourself and your hearers.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Timothy 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Of departures from the faith that began already to appear. (1–5). Several directions, with motives for due discharge of duties. (6–16).
vv1-5
The Holy Spirit, both in the Old and the New Testament, spoke of a general turning from the faith of Christ, and the pure worship of God. This should come during the Christian dispensation, for those are called the latter days. False teachers forbid as evil what God has allowed, and command as a duty what he has left indifferent. We find exercise for watchfulness and self-denial, in attending to the requirements of God's law, without being tasked to imaginary duties, which reject what he has allowed. But nothing justifies an intemperate or improper use of things; and nothing will be good to us, unless we seek by prayer for the Lord's blessing upon it.
vv6-10
Outward acts of self-denial profit little. What will it avail us to mortify the body, if we do not mortify sin? No diligence in mere outward things could be of much use. The gain of godliness lies much in the promise; and the promises to godly people relate partly to the life that now is, but especially to the life which is to come: though we lose for Christ, we shall not lose by him. If Christ be thus the Saviour of all men, then much more will he be the Rewarder of those who seek and serve him; he will provide well for those whom he has made new creatures.
vv11-16
Men's youth will not be despised, if they keep from vanities and follies. Those who teach by their doctrine, must teach by their life. Their discourse must be edifying; their conversation must be holy; they must be examples of love to God and all good men, examples of spiritual-mindedness. Ministers must mind these things as their principal work and business. By this means their profiting will appear in all things, as well as to all persons; this is the way to profit in knowledge and grace, and also to profit others. The doctrine of a minister of Christ must be scriptural, clear, evangelical, and practical; well stated, explained, defended, and applied. But these duties leave no leisure for wordly pleasures, trifling visits, or idle conversation, and but little for what is mere amusement, and only ornamental. May every believer be enabled to let his profiting appear unto all men; seeking to experience the power of the gospel in his own soul, and to bring forth its fruits in his life.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
πνεῦμα (pneûma): a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit
ῥητῶς (rhētōs): out-spokenly, i.e. distinctly
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
ὅτι (hóti): demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ὕστερος (hýsteros): later
καιρός (kairós): an occasion, i.e. set or proper time
τὶς (tìs): some or any person or object
ἀφίστημι (aphístēmi): to remove, i.e. (actively) instigate to revolt; usually (reflexively) to desist, desert, etc.
Cross References
1 Timothy 4Predicted Roman power disregarding the 'desire of women' (marriage) in the latter days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophesies the great apostasy or departure from the faith in the latter times.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Condemns self-imposed asceticism and neglect of the body that have a show of wisdom.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Contrast between pure believers who receive food with thanks, and defiled, unbelieving minds.
Supported by JFB
Predicts mockers walking after their own lusts coming specifically in the last days.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Alludes to God's original creation declaration where every creature of God was very good.
Supported by John Calvin
Repeats warning against endless fables and genealogies that hinder godly edifying.
Supported by JFB
Exhorts Timothy to avoid profane and vain babblings, guarding the trust committed.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the solemn formula: 'This is a faithful saying and worthy of all acceptation.'
Supported by JFB
Parallels the pastoral formula introducing key ecclesial and ethical truths.
Supported by JFB
Warns of false prophets and christs working deceptive signs through hypocrisy.
Supported by JFB
Warns against letting anyone judge in respect of meat, drink, or holy days.
Supported by JFB
Warns Timothy against hasty laying on of hands and commands maintaining personal purity.
Supported by JFB
Recalls the previous prophecies made concerning Timothy's ministry and charge.
Supported by JFB
Commands meditation on God's word day and night to ensure ministerial success.
Supported by Matthew Poole