Genesis 17NLT
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Genesis17

New Living Translation

1When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to him and said, “I am El-Shaddai—‘God Almighty.’ Serve me faithfully and live a blameless life.

2I will make a covenant with you, by which I will guarantee to give you countless descendants.”

3At this, Abram fell face down on the ground. Then God said to him,

4“This is my covenant with you: I will make you the father of a multitude of nations!

5What’s more, I am changing your name. It will no longer be Abram. Instead, you will be called Abraham, for you will be the father of many nations.

6I will make you extremely fruitful. Your descendants will become many nations, and kings will be among them!

7“I will confirm my covenant with you and your descendants after you, from generation to generation. This is the everlasting covenant: I will always be your God and the God of your descendants after you.

8And I will give the entire land of Canaan, where you now live as a foreigner, to you and your descendants. It will be their possession forever, and I will be their God.”

9Then God said to Abraham, “Your responsibility is to obey the terms of the covenant. You and all your descendants have this continual responsibility.

10This is the covenant that you and your descendants must keep: Each male among you must be circumcised.

11You must cut off the flesh of your foreskin as a sign of the covenant between me and you.

12From generation to generation, every male child must be circumcised on the eighth day after his birth. This applies not only to members of your family but also to the servants born in your household and the foreign-born servants whom you have purchased.

13All must be circumcised. Your bodies will bear the mark of my everlasting covenant.

14Any male who fails to be circumcised will be cut off from the covenant family for breaking the covenant.”

15Then God said to Abraham, “Regarding Sarai, your wife—her name will no longer be Sarai. From now on her name will be Sarah.

16And I will bless her and give you a son from her! Yes, I will bless her richly, and she will become the mother of many nations. Kings of nations will be among her descendants.”

17Then Abraham bowed down to the ground, but he laughed to himself in disbelief. “How could I become a father at the age of 100?” he thought. “And how can Sarah have a baby when she is ninety years old?”

18So Abraham said to God, “May Ishmael live under your special blessing!”

19But God replied, “No—Sarah, your wife, will give birth to a son for you. You will name him Isaac, and I will confirm my covenant with him and his descendants as an everlasting covenant.

20As for Ishmael, I will bless him also, just as you have asked. I will make him extremely fruitful and multiply his descendants. He will become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.

21But my covenant will be confirmed with Isaac, who will be born to you and Sarah about this time next year.”

22When God had finished speaking, he left Abraham.

23On that very day Abraham took his son, Ishmael, and every male in his household, including those born there and those he had bought. Then he circumcised them, cutting off their foreskins, just as God had told him.

24Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised,

25and Ishmael, his son, was thirteen.

26Both Abraham and his son, Ishmael, were circumcised on that same day,

27along with all the other men and boys of the household, whether they were born there or bought as servants. All were circumcised with him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 17.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God renews the covenant with Abram. (1–6). Circumcision instituted. (7–14). Sarai's name changed, Isaac promised. (15–22). Abraham and his family are circumcised. (23–27).

vv1-6

The covenant was to be accomplished in due time. The promised Seed was Christ, and Christians in him. And all who are of faith are blessed with faithful Abram, being partakers of the same covenant blessings. In token of this covenant his name was changed from Abram, “a high father,” to Abraham, “the father of a multitude.” All that the Christian world enjoys, it is indebted for to Abraham and his Seed.

vv7-14

The covenant of grace is from everlasting in the counsels of it, and to everlasting in the consequences of it. The token of the covenant was circumcision. It is here said to be the covenant which Abraham and his seed must keep. Those who will have the Lord to be to them a God, must resolve to be to him a people. Not only Abraham and Isaac, and his posterity by Isaac, were to be circumcised, but also Ishmael and the bond-servants. It sealed not only the covenant of the land of Canaan to Isaac's posterity, but of heaven, through Christ, to the whole church of God. The outward sign is for the visible church; the inward seal of the Spirit is peculiar to those whom God knows to be believers, and he alone can know them. The religious observance of this institution was required, under a very severe penalty. It is dangerous to make light of Divine institutions, and to live in the neglect of them. The covenant in question was one that involved great blessings for the world in all future ages. Even the blessedness of Abraham himself, and all the rewards conferred upon him, were for Christ's sake. Abraham was justified, as we have seen, not by his own righteousness, but by faith in the promised Messiah.

vv15-22

Here is the promise made to Abraham of a son by Sarai, in whom the promise made to him should be fulfilled. The assurance of this promise was the change of Sarai's name into Sarah. Sarai signifies my princess, as if her honour were confined to one family only; Sarah signifies a princess. The more favours God confers upon us, the more low we should be in our own eyes. Abraham showed great joy; he laughed, it was a laughter of delight, not of distrust. Now it was that Abraham rejoiced to see Christ's day; now he saw it and was glad, Joh 8:56. Abraham, dreading lest Ishmael should be abandoned and forsaken of God, put up a petition on his behalf. God gives us leave in prayer to be particular in making known our requests. Whatever is our care and fear, should be spread before God in prayer. It is the duty of parents to pray for their children, and the great thing we should desire is, that they may be kept in covenant with Him, and may have grace to walk before him in uprightness. Common blessings are secured to Ishmael. Outward good things are often given to those children of godly parents who are born after the flesh, for their parents' sake. Covenant blessings are reserved for Isaac, and appropriated to him.

Cross References

Genesis 17
v5Romans 4:17fulfillment

Quoting Gen 17:5, confirming Abraham's role as father of many nations spiritually.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Romans 4:11-18allusion

Paul's extensive exposition of Abrahamic faith, justification, and circumcision as a sign and seal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Romans 4:11thematic

Paul explains Abraham's circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of faith he had while uncircumcised.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v10Acts 7:8allusion

Stephen calls this the 'covenant of circumcision' instituted in this historical narrative.

Supported by JFB

v10Romans 2:28-29thematic

Contrasts outward fleshly circumcision with the true spiritual circumcision of the heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17John 8:56allusion

Jesus references Abraham's laughter/rejoicing as seeing and being glad for Christ's day.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 17:19thematic

Reinforces that God's covenant is established specifically with Isaac, not Ishmael.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21Genesis 18:10fulfillment

The direct promise of Isaac's birth at the specific "set time" next year.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v23Romans 2:25-29contrast

Contrast between outward circumcision of the flesh and the true, spiritual circumcision of the heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Genesis 48:15thematic

Jacob echoes the exact walking 'before God' command given to Abraham here.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Leviticus 26:12thematic

Establishes the covenant core: 'I will walk among you, and will be your God.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Hebrews 11:16typology

Interprets Canaan as an everlasting possession typifying a better, heavenly country.

Supported by JFB

v17Romans 4:19-20thematic

Paul analyzes Abraham's lack of doubt despite his body being dead at a hundred.

Supported by JFB

v21Romans 9:9quotation

Paul quotes the promise of Sarah having a son at this set time to demonstrate election.

Supported by John Calvin

v21Genesis 21:2fulfillment

The historical fulfillment of Sarah bearing Isaac at the exact set time promised.

Supported by JFB

v22Genesis 35:13allusion

Parallel phrasing where God "went up from him" after speaking with the patriarch.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 18:19thematic

Shows Abraham commanding his household to keep the way of the Lord, seen in immediate obedience.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Psalms 119:60thematic

Illustrates Abraham's prompt obedience: he made haste and did not delay to keep God's commandment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Exodus 6:3thematic

God identifies Himself by 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), as revealed to the patriarchs.

Supported by JFB

v1Genesis 6:9thematic

Parallel standard of walking with God and being 'perfect' or upright in heart.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Leviticus 9:24thematic

Parallel gesture of falling on the face in reverent awe of the divine glory.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 18:10-14thematic

Detailed follow-up promise of a son through Sarah, repeating the specific timeline.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Romans 9:6-9thematic

Contrasts children of the flesh (Ishmael) with the children of the promise (Isaac).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 17:10-14thematic

Abraham immediately executes the command of circumcision given in the preceding verses.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 12:4thematic

Parallels Abraham's life-long obedience, comparing his age at circumcision to his age when leaving Haran.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Genesis 21:4fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment of the eight-day circumcision commandment in Isaac's life.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Genesis 25:12-18fulfillment

Lists the twelve princes born of Ishmael, fulfilling God's specific promise.

Supported by Matthew Poole