Exodus4
New Living Translation
1But Moses protested again, “What if they won’t believe me or listen to me? What if they say, ‘The Lord never appeared to you’?”
2Then the Lord asked him, “What is that in your hand?” “A shepherd’s staff,” Moses replied.
3“Throw it down on the ground,” the Lord told him. So Moses threw down the staff, and it turned into a snake! Moses jumped back.
4Then the Lord told him, “Reach out and grab its tail.” So Moses reached out and grabbed it, and it turned back into a shepherd’s staff in his hand.
5“Perform this sign,” the Lord told him. “Then they will believe that the Lord, the God of their ancestors—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—really has appeared to you.”
6Then the Lord said to Moses, “Now put your hand inside your cloak.” So Moses put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out again, his hand was white as snow with a severe skin disease.
7“Now put your hand back into your cloak,” the Lord said. So Moses put his hand back in, and when he took it out again, it was as healthy as the rest of his body.
8The Lord said to Moses, “If they do not believe you and are not convinced by the first miraculous sign, they will be convinced by the second sign.
9And if they don’t believe you or listen to you even after these two signs, then take some water from the Nile River and pour it out on the dry ground. When you do, the water from the Nile will turn to blood on the ground.”
10But Moses pleaded with the Lord, “O Lord, I’m not very good with words. I never have been, and I’m not now, even though you have spoken to me. I get tongue-tied, and my words get tangled.”
11Then the Lord asked Moses, “Who makes a person’s mouth? Who decides whether people speak or do not speak, hear or do not hear, see or do not see? Is it not I, the Lord?
12Now go! I will be with you as you speak, and I will instruct you in what to say.”
13But Moses again pleaded, “Lord, please! Send anyone else.”
14Then the Lord became angry with Moses. “All right,” he said. “What about your brother, Aaron the Levite? I know he speaks well. And look! He is on his way to meet you now. He will be delighted to see you.
15Talk to him, and put the words in his mouth. I will be with both of you as you speak, and I will instruct you both in what to do.
16Aaron will be your spokesman to the people. He will be your mouthpiece, and you will stand in the place of God for him, telling him what to say.
17And take your shepherd’s staff with you, and use it to perform the miraculous signs I have shown you.”
18So Moses went back home to Jethro, his father-in-law. “Please let me return to my relatives in Egypt,” Moses said. “I don’t even know if they are still alive.” “Go in peace,” Jethro replied.
19Before Moses left Midian, the Lord said to him, “Return to Egypt, for all those who wanted to kill you have died.”
20So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a donkey, and headed back to the land of Egypt. In his hand he carried the staff of God.
21And the Lord told Moses, “When you arrive back in Egypt, go to Pharaoh and perform all the miracles I have empowered you to do. But I will harden his heart so he will refuse to let the people go.
22Then you will tell him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Israel is my firstborn son.
23I commanded you, “Let my son go, so he can worship me.” But since you have refused, I will now kill your firstborn son!’”
24On the way to Egypt, at a place where Moses and his family had stopped for the night, the Lord confronted him and was about to kill him.
25But Moses’ wife, Zipporah, took a flint knife and circumcised her son. She touched his feet with the foreskin and said, “Now you are a bridegroom of blood to me.”
26(When she said “a bridegroom of blood,” she was referring to the circumcision.) After that, the Lord left him alone.
27Now the Lord had said to Aaron, “Go out into the wilderness to meet Moses.” So Aaron went and met Moses at the mountain of God, and he embraced him.
28Moses then told Aaron everything the Lord had commanded him to say. And he told him about the miraculous signs the Lord had commanded him to perform.
29Then Moses and Aaron returned to Egypt and called all the elders of Israel together.
30Aaron told them everything the Lord had told Moses, and Moses performed the miraculous signs as they watched.
31Then the people of Israel were convinced that the Lord had sent Moses and Aaron. When they heard that the Lord was concerned about them and had seen their misery, they bowed down and worshiped.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God gives Moses power to work miracles. (1–9). Moses is loth to be sent, Aaron is to assist him. (10–17). Moses leaves Midian, God's message to Pharaoh. (18–23). God's displeasure against Moses, Aaron meets him, The people believe them. (24–31).
vv1-9
Moses objects, that the people would not take his word, unless he showed them some sign. God gives him power to work miracles. But those who are now employed to deliver God's messages to men, need not the power to work miracles: their character and their doctrines are to be tried by that word of God to which they appeal. These miracles especially referred to the miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ. It belonged to Him only, to cast the power of the devil out of the soul, and to heal the soul of the leprosy of sin; and so it was for Him first to cast the devil out of the body, and to heal the leprosy of the body.
vv10-17
Moses continued backward to the work God designed him for; there was much of cowardice, slothfulness, and unbelief in him. We must not judge of men by the readiness of their discourse. A great deal of wisdom and true worth may be with a slow tongue. God sometimes makes choice of those as his messengers, who have the least of the advantages of art or nature, that his grace in them may appear the more glorious. Christ's disciples were no orators, till the Holy Spirit made them such. God condescends to answer the excuse of Moses. Even self-diffidence, when it hinders us from duty, or clogs us in duty, is very displeasing to the Lord. But while we blame Moses for shrinking from this dangerous service, let us ask our own hearts if we are not neglecting duties more easy, and less perilous. The tongue of Aaron, with the head and heart of Moses, would make one completely fit for this errand. God promises, I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth. Even Aaron, who could speak well, yet could not speak to purpose, unless God gave constant teaching and help; for without the constant aid of Divine grace, the best gifts will fail.
vv18-23
After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to detain, but my son. It is my son that serves me, and therefore must be spared, must be pleaded for. In case of refusal I will slay thy son, even thy first-born. As men deal with God's people, let them expect so to be dealt with.
Key Words
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
הֵן: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
אָמַן: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קוֹל: a voice or sound
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
Exodus 4Direct parallel of a hand turned leprous as snow as a sign of divine power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct prophetic/typological application of God calling His son (Israel/Christ) out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts Moses' claim of being slow of speech with being 'mighty in words and deeds.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' promise to his disciples that it shall be given them what they shall speak.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming forth to meet Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul uses God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to explain divine sovereignty in election.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Cites Hosea 11:1 applying the 'my son' out of Egypt typology directly to Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The direct execution of the warning to slay Pharaoh's firstborn in the final plague.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The covenant penalty for uncircumcision explains why God met Moses in anger to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Clarifies the relationship where Moses is as God and Aaron is his prophet.
Verbal echo used by the angel to Joseph: 'for they are dead which sought the child's life.'
Identifies 'the adoption' as belonging to Israel, echoing their designation here as God's firstborn.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels Zipporah's use of a sharp stone/flint for the circumcision rite.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming to meet Moses and speak for him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills the command given at the burning bush to gather the elders of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
New Testament parallel of laying hold of a serpent unharmed as a sign.
Identifies the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob appearing to Moses.
The fulfillment of the sign on a national scale, turning Nile water into blood.
Parallels Moses' reluctant desire to evade God's commission, similar to Jonah.
New Testament parallel regarding the spiritual reality and judicial nature of heart-hardening.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Repeats the divine plan to harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs in Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Historical poetic summary of the judgment of the firstborn throughout Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes circumcision as the literal token of the covenant between God and Abraham's seed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Aaron performs the exact signs given to Moses in the earlier part of the chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The people rejoice that God looked upon their affliction, fulfilling His words to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Aaron speaks the words and does the signs in the sight of the people.
Affirms God's sovereignty over human senses: 'He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?'
Contrasts the living Pharaoh who sought Moses' life with his death in verse 19.
Supported by JFB
The post-Passover worship of the people directly mirrors their response of faith here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stresses the importance of the rod that Moses must take to perform signs.