Exodus4
New American Standard
1Then Moses said, “What if they will not believe me or listen to what I say? For they may say, ‘The Lord has not appeared to you.’”
2The Lord said to him, “What is that in your hand?” And he said, “A staff.”
3Then He said, “Throw it on the ground.” So he threw it on the ground, and it turned into a serpent; and Moses fled from it.
4But the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand and grasp it by its tail”—so he reached out with his hand and caught it, and it turned into a staff in his hand—
5“so that they may believe that the Lord, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”
6The Lord furthermore said to him, “Now put your hand inside the fold of your robe.” So he put his hand inside the fold, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous like snow.
7Then He said, “Put your hand inside the fold of your robe again.” So he put his hand into the fold again, and when he took it out of the fold, behold, it was restored like the rest of his flesh.
8“So if they will not believe you nor pay attention to the evidence of the first sign, they may believe the evidence of the last sign.
9But if they will not believe even these two signs nor pay attention to what you say, then you shall take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground; and the water which you take from the Nile will turn into blood on the dry ground.”
10Then Moses said to the Lord, “Please, Lord, I have never been eloquent, neither recently nor in time past, nor since You have spoken to Your servant; for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.”
11But the Lord said to him, “Who has made the human mouth? Or who makes anyone unable to speak or deaf, or able to see or blind? Is it not I, the Lord?
12Now then go, and I Myself will be with your mouth, and instruct you in what you are to say.”
13But he said, “Please, Lord, now send the message by whomever You will.”
14Then the anger of the Lord burned against Moses, and He said, “Is there not your brother Aaron the Levite? I know that he speaks fluently. And moreover, behold, he is coming out to meet you; when he sees you, he will be overjoyed.
15So you are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth; and I Myself will be with your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you in what you are to do.
16He shall speak for you to the people; and he will be as a mouth for you and you will be as God to him.
17And you shall take in your hand this staff, with which you shall perform the signs.”
18Then Moses departed and returned to his father-in-law Jethro, and said to him, “Please, let me go, that I may return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see if they are still alive.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
19Now the Lord said to Moses in Midian, “Go back to Egypt, for all the men who were seeking your life are dead.”
20So Moses took his wife and his sons and mounted them on a donkey, and returned to the land of Egypt. Moses also took the staff of God in his hand.
21And the Lord said to Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your power; but I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.
22Then you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Israel is My son, My firstborn.
23So I said to you, ‘Let My son go so that he may serve Me’; but you have refused to let him go. Behold, I am going to kill your son, your firstborn.”’”
24But it came about at the overnight encampment on the way, that the Lord met Moses, and sought to put him to death.
25So Zipporah took a flint and cut off her son’s foreskin and threw it at Moses’ feet; and she said, “You are indeed a groom of blood to me!”
26So He left him alone. At that time she said, “You are a groom of blood”—because of the circumcision.
27Now the Lord said to Aaron, “Go to meet Moses in the wilderness.” So he went and met him at the mountain of God and kissed him.
28Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord with which He had sent him, and all the signs that He had commanded him to do.
29Then Moses and Aaron went and assembled all the elders of the sons of Israel;
30and Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses. He then performed the signs in the sight of the people.
31So the people believed; and when they heard that the Lord was concerned about the sons of Israel and that He had seen their affliction, they bowed low and worshiped.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God gives Moses power to work miracles. (1–9). Moses is loth to be sent, Aaron is to assist him. (10–17). Moses leaves Midian, God's message to Pharaoh. (18–23). God's displeasure against Moses, Aaron meets him, The people believe them. (24–31).
vv1-9
Moses objects, that the people would not take his word, unless he showed them some sign. God gives him power to work miracles. But those who are now employed to deliver God's messages to men, need not the power to work miracles: their character and their doctrines are to be tried by that word of God to which they appeal. These miracles especially referred to the miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ. It belonged to Him only, to cast the power of the devil out of the soul, and to heal the soul of the leprosy of sin; and so it was for Him first to cast the devil out of the body, and to heal the leprosy of the body.
vv10-17
Moses continued backward to the work God designed him for; there was much of cowardice, slothfulness, and unbelief in him. We must not judge of men by the readiness of their discourse. A great deal of wisdom and true worth may be with a slow tongue. God sometimes makes choice of those as his messengers, who have the least of the advantages of art or nature, that his grace in them may appear the more glorious. Christ's disciples were no orators, till the Holy Spirit made them such. God condescends to answer the excuse of Moses. Even self-diffidence, when it hinders us from duty, or clogs us in duty, is very displeasing to the Lord. But while we blame Moses for shrinking from this dangerous service, let us ask our own hearts if we are not neglecting duties more easy, and less perilous. The tongue of Aaron, with the head and heart of Moses, would make one completely fit for this errand. God promises, I will be with thy mouth, and with his mouth. Even Aaron, who could speak well, yet could not speak to purpose, unless God gave constant teaching and help; for without the constant aid of Divine grace, the best gifts will fail.
vv18-23
After God had appeared in the bush, he often spake to Moses. Pharaoh had hardened his own heart against the groans and cries of the oppressed Israelites; and now God, in the way of righteous judgment, hardens his heart against the teaching of the miracles, and the terror of the plagues. But whether Pharaoh will hear, or whether he will forbear, Moses must tell him, Thus saith the Lord. He must demand a discharge for Israel, Let my son go; not only my servant, whom thou hast no right to detain, but my son. It is my son that serves me, and therefore must be spared, must be pleaded for. In case of refusal I will slay thy son, even thy first-born. As men deal with God's people, let them expect so to be dealt with.
Key Words
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
הֵן: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
אָמַן: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
קוֹל: a voice or sound
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
Exodus 4Direct parallel of a hand turned leprous as snow as a sign of divine power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct prophetic/typological application of God calling His son (Israel/Christ) out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrasts Moses' claim of being slow of speech with being 'mighty in words and deeds.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' promise to his disciples that it shall be given them what they shall speak.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming forth to meet Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul uses God's hardening of Pharaoh's heart to explain divine sovereignty in election.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Cites Hosea 11:1 applying the 'my son' out of Egypt typology directly to Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The direct execution of the warning to slay Pharaoh's firstborn in the final plague.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The covenant penalty for uncircumcision explains why God met Moses in anger to kill him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Clarifies the relationship where Moses is as God and Aaron is his prophet.
Verbal echo used by the angel to Joseph: 'for they are dead which sought the child's life.'
Identifies 'the adoption' as belonging to Israel, echoing their designation here as God's firstborn.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels Zipporah's use of a sharp stone/flint for the circumcision rite.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise that Aaron was coming to meet Moses and speak for him.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills the command given at the burning bush to gather the elders of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
New Testament parallel of laying hold of a serpent unharmed as a sign.
Identifies the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob appearing to Moses.
The fulfillment of the sign on a national scale, turning Nile water into blood.
Parallels Moses' reluctant desire to evade God's commission, similar to Jonah.
New Testament parallel regarding the spiritual reality and judicial nature of heart-hardening.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Repeats the divine plan to harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply signs in Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Historical poetic summary of the judgment of the firstborn throughout Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes circumcision as the literal token of the covenant between God and Abraham's seed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Aaron performs the exact signs given to Moses in the earlier part of the chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The people rejoice that God looked upon their affliction, fulfilling His words to Moses.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Aaron speaks the words and does the signs in the sight of the people.
Affirms God's sovereignty over human senses: 'He that planted the ear, shall he not hear?'
Contrasts the living Pharaoh who sought Moses' life with his death in verse 19.
Supported by JFB
The post-Passover worship of the people directly mirrors their response of faith here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stresses the importance of the rod that Moses must take to perform signs.