Genesis43
New American Standard
1Now the famine was severe in the land.
2So it came about, when they had finished eating the grain which they had brought from Egypt, that their father said to them, “Go back, buy us a little food.”
3Judah spoke to him, however, saying, “The man sternly warned us, ‘You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.’
4If you send our brother with us, we will go down and buy you food.
5But if you do not send him, we will not go down; for the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”
6Then Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, by telling the man whether you still had another brother?”
7But they said, “The man specifically asked about us and our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?’ So we answered his questions. Could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down’?”
8So Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me and we will arise and go, so that we may live and not die, we as well as you and our little ones.
9I myself will take responsibility for him! You may demand him back from me. If I do not bring him back to you and present him to you, then you can let me take the blame forever.
10For if we had not delayed, surely by now we could have returned twice.”
11Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and carry down to the man as a gift, a little balsam and a little honey, labdanum resin and myrrh, pistachio nuts and almonds.
12And take double the money in your hand, and take back in your hand the money that was returned in the opening of your sacks; perhaps it was a mistake.
13Take your brother also, and arise, return to the man;
14and may God Almighty grant you compassion in the sight of the man, so that he will release to you your other brother and Benjamin. And as for me, if I am bereaved of my sons, I am bereaved!”
15So the men took this gift, and they took double the money in their hand, and Benjamin; then they set out and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.
16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to his house steward, “Bring the men into the house, and slaughter an animal and make preparations; for the men are to dine with me at noon.”
17So the man did as Joseph said, and brought the men to Joseph’s house.
18Now the men were afraid, because they were brought to Joseph’s house; and they said, “It is because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time that we are being brought in, so that he may attack us and overpower us, and take us as slaves with our donkeys.”
19So they approached Joseph’s house steward, and spoke to him at the entrance of the house,
20and said, “Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food,
21and it happened when we came to the campsite, that we opened our sacks, and behold, each man’s money was in the opening of his sack, our money in full. So we have brought it back in our hand.
22We have also brought down other money in our hand to buy food; we do not know who put our money in our sacks.”
23But he said, “Peace be to you, do not be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks; your money was in my possession.” Then he brought Simeon out to them.
24Then the man brought the men into Joseph’s house and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their donkeys feed.
25So they prepared the gift for Joseph’s arrival at noon; for they had heard that they were to eat a meal there.
26When Joseph came home, they brought into the house to him the gift which was in their hand, and they bowed down to the ground before him.
27Then he asked them about their welfare, and said, “Is your old father well, of whom you spoke? Is he still alive?”
28And they said, “Your servant our father is well; he is still alive.” Then they bowed down again in homage.
29And as he raised his eyes and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother’s son, he said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” Then he said, “May God be gracious to you, my son.”
30Joseph then hurried out, for he was deeply stirred over his brother, and he looked for a place to weep; so he entered his chamber and wept there.
31Then he washed his face and came out; and he controlled himself and said, “Serve the meal.”
32Then they served him by himself, and Joseph’s brothers by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves; because the Egyptians could not eat bread with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians.
33Now they were seated before him, from the firstborn according to his birthright to the youngest according to his youth, and the men looked at one another in astonishment.
34Then he took portions to them from his own table, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. So they drank freely with him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 43.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1–14). Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15–25). Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26–34).
vv1-14
Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, etc. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.
vv15-25
Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.
vv26-34
Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.
Key Words
רָעָב: hunger (more or less extensive)
כָּבֵד: heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
כָּלָה: to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)
שֶׁבֶר: grain (as if broken into kernels)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
Cross References
Genesis 43Lists identical commodities (balm, spices, myrrh) carried by Ishmeelite traders from Gilead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct fulfillment of Joseph's prophetic dreams as his brothers bow down before him in his house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The brothers make obeisance, fulfilling Joseph's early dreams of their sheaves bowing to his.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's banishment from the king's presence uses the exact idiomatic warning: "let him not see my face."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Judah directly references his surety pledge to his father in his final plea to Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esther's formula of resignation ("if I perish, I perish") echoes Jacob's "if I be bereaved, I am bereaved."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of intense brotherly/motherly compassion: 'bowels did yearn' (or yearn upon them).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why eating with Hebrews was an abomination, noting Egyptian cultural prejudice against shepherds.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's initial refusal to let Benjamin go, which is here overcome by starvation.
Supported by JFB
Judah acts as a surety for Benjamin, typifying Jesus as the surety of a better covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the wisdom of pacifying anger through a gift, a strategy Jacob previously used with Esau.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's parallel strategy of sending a present to appease an offended authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The initial discovery of the money returned in their sacks that caused their fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the brothers' original terrifying discovery of the money returned in their sacks.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Joseph's struggle to control his deep emotions before finally revealing himself to his brothers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jacob repeating the command to go down and buy food to survive.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The brothers' earlier testimony regarding their family structure that prompted Joseph's demand.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob invokes the covenant name 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), first revealed to Abraham here.
Supported by John Calvin
An earlier example of slaughtering animals for a solemn covenant feast.
Supported by JFB
Their initial terror in the way when they found the money, now intensified at Joseph's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the seating of honored guests in a special place of dignity during a banquet.
Supported by JFB
Further illustrates things associated with the Hebrews that were considered an abomination to Egyptians.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ancient custom of sending a special, larger mess of food to honor a preferred guest.
Supported by JFB
Reiteration of Joseph's solemn warning regarding the presence of Benjamin.
Supported by John Calvin
References Jacob's explicit instruction to return the oversight money in full weight.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Standard Oriental custom of hospitality: providing water for guests to wash their feet.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights early Egyptian boundaries regarding food, as Potiphar left all save his own bread to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
Joseph's continued favoritism toward Benjamin to test his brothers' jealousy, giving him greater gifts.
Supported by Matthew Henry