Genesis 18NASB
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Genesis18

New American Standard

1Now the Lord appeared to Abraham by the oaks of Mamre, while he was sitting at the tent door in the heat of the day.

2When he raised his eyes and looked, behold, three men were standing opposite him; and when he saw them, he ran from the tent door to meet them and bowed down to the ground,

3and said, “My Lord, if now I have found favor in Your sight, please do not pass Your servant by.

4Please let a little water be brought and wash your feet, and make yourselves comfortable under the tree;

5and I will bring a piece of bread, so that you may refresh yourselves; after that you may go on, since you have visited your servant.” And they said, “So do as you have said.”

6So Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah, and said, “Quickly, prepare three measures of fine flour, knead it, and make bread cakes.”

7Abraham also ran to the herd, and took a tender and choice calf and gave it to the servant, and he hurried to prepare it.

8He took curds and milk and the calf which he had prepared, and set it before them; and he was standing by them under the tree as they ate.

9Then they said to him, “Where is your wife Sarah?” And he said, “There, in the tent.”

10He said, “I will certainly return to you at this time next year; and behold, your wife Sarah will have a son.” And Sarah was listening at the tent door, which was behind him.

11Now Abraham and Sarah were old, advanced in age; Sarah was past childbearing.

12So Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “After I have become old, am I to have pleasure, my lord being old also?”

13But the Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Shall I actually give birth to a child, when I am so old?’

14Is anything too difficult for the Lord? At the appointed time I will return to you, at this time next year, and Sarah will have a son.”

15Sarah denied it, however, saying, “I did not laugh”; for she was afraid. And He said, “No, but you did laugh.”

16Then the men rose up from there, and looked down toward Sodom; and Abraham was walking with them to send them off.

17The Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do,

18since Abraham will certainly become a great and mighty nation, and in him all the nations of the earth will be blessed?

19For I have chosen him, so that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing righteousness and justice, so that the Lord may bring upon Abraham what He has spoken about him.”

20And the Lord said, “The outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah is indeed great, and their sin is exceedingly grave.

21I will go down now and see whether they have done entirely as the outcry, which has come to Me indicates; and if not, I will know.”

22Then the men turned away from there and went toward Sodom, while Abraham was still standing before the Lord.

23Abraham approached and said, “Will You indeed sweep away the righteous with the wicked?

24Suppose there are fifty righteous people within the city; will You indeed sweep it away and not spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous who are in it?

25Far be it from You to do such a thing, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike. Far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth deal justly?”

26So the Lord said, “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare the entire place on their account.”

27And Abraham replied, “Now behold, I have ventured to speak to the Lord, although I am only dust and ashes.

28Suppose the fifty righteous are lacking five, will You destroy the entire city because of five?” And He said, “I will not destroy it if I find forty-five there.”

29And he spoke to Him yet again and said, “Suppose forty are found there?” And He said, “I will not do it on account of the forty.”

30Then he said, “Oh may the Lord not be angry, and I shall speak; suppose thirty are found there?” And He said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.”

31And he said, “Now behold, I have ventured to speak to the Lord; suppose twenty are found there?” And He said, “I will not destroy it on account of the twenty.”

32Then he said, “Oh may the Lord not be angry, and I shall speak only this once: suppose ten are found there?” And He said, “I will not destroy it on account of the ten.”

33As soon as He had finished speaking to Abraham the Lord departed, and Abraham returned to his place.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Lord appears to Abraham. (1–8). Sarah's unbelief reproved. (9–15). God reveals to Abraham the destruction of Sodom. (16–22). Abraham's intercession for Sodom. (23–33).

vv1-8

Abraham was waiting to entertain any weary traveller, for inns were not to be met with as among us. While Abraham was thus sitting, he saw three men coming. These were three heavenly beings in human bodies. Some think they were all created angels; others, that one of them was the Son of God, the Angel of the covenant. Washing the feet is customary in those hot climates, where only sandals are worn. We should not be forgetful to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares, Heb 13:2; nay, the Lord of angels himself; as we always do, when for his sake we entertain the least of his brethren. Cheerful and obliging manners in showing kindness, are great ornaments to piety. Though our condescending Lord vouchsafes not personal visits to us, yet still by his Spirit he stands at the door and knocks; when we are inclined to open, he deigns to enter; and by his gracious consolations he provides a rich feast, of which we partake with him, Re 3:20.

vv9-15

Where is Sarah thy wife? was asked. Note the answer, In the tent. Just at hand, in her proper place, occupied in her household concerns. There is nothing got by gadding. Those are most likely to receive comfort from God and his promises, who are in their proper place, and in the way of their duty, Lu 2:8. We are slow of heart to believe, and need line upon line to the same purport. The blessings others have from common providence, believers have from the Divine promise, which makes them very sweet, and very sure. The spiritual seed of Abraham owe their life, and joy, and hope, and all, to the promise. Sarah thinks this too good news to be true; she laughed, and therefore cannot as yet find in her heart to believe it. Sarah laughed. We might not have thought there was a difference between Sarah's laughter and Abraham's, ch. 17:17; but He who searches the heart, saw that the one sprung from unbelief, and the other from faith. She denied that she had laughed. One sin commonly brings in another, and it is not likely we shall strictly keep to truth, when we question the Divine truth. But whom the Lord loves he will rebuke, convict, silence, and bring to repentance, and if they sin before him.

vv16-22

The two who are supposed to have been created angels went toward Sodom. The one who is called Jehovah throughout the chapter, continued with Abraham, and would not hide from him the thing he intended to do. Though God long forbears with sinners, from which they fancy that the Lord does not see, and does not regard; yet when the day of his wrath comes, he will look toward them. The Lord will give Abraham an opportunity to intercede with him, and shows him the reason of his conduct. Consider, as a very bright part of Abraham's character and example, that he not only prayed with his family, but he was very careful to teach and rule them well. Those who expect family blessings must make conscience of family duty. Abraham did not fill their heads with matters of doubtful dispute; but he taught them to be serious and devout in the worship of God, and to be honest in their dealings with all men. Of how few may such a character be given in our days! How little care is taken by masters of families to ground those under them in the principles of religion! Do we watch from sabbath to sabbath whether they go forward or backward?

Cross References

Genesis 18
v2Hebrews 13:2allusion

Explicit NT commentary on Abraham entertaining angels unawares in this scene.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Romans 9:9fulfillment

Paul quotes the promise 'at this time I will return' to establish sovereign election.

v11Romans 4:19thematic

NT analysis of Abraham and Sarah's physical deadness, overcoming through faith.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Luke 1:37allusion

Gabriel echoes the rhetorical question 'is anything too hard for the Lord' to Mary.

v25Romans 3:5-6thematic

Directly echoes Abraham's appeal to the justice of God as the Judge of all the earth.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v121 Peter 3:6thematic

Peter praises Sarah calling her husband 'lord' as an example of godly subjection.

v14Jeremiah 32:17thematic

Parallels the assertion that 'there is nothing too hard' for God's omnipotent power.

v17John 15:15thematic

Jesus references sharing secrets with friends, echoing God's decision not to hide things from Abraham.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Genesis 19:1thematic

Identifies the destination of the two men/angels who left Abraham's presence for Sodom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v23James 5:16thematic

Illustrates the power and efficacy of the prayer and intercession of a righteous person.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v27Genesis 3:19thematic

Supports Abraham's confession of being 'dust and ashes', reflecting Adam's original sentence.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v102 Kings 4:16allusion

Elisha uses identical phrasing ('according to the time of life') to promise a son.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Genesis 17:17contrast

Contrasts Abraham's laughing of faith with Sarah's internal laugh of disbelief.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Amos 3:7thematic

Confirms the principle that God does nothing without revealing secrets to His servants.

v17James 2:23thematic

Highlights Abraham's unique status as the 'Friend of God' who receives divine counsel.

v21Genesis 11:5thematic

Parallel anthropomorphic expression where God 'goes down' to investigate human wickedness before judging.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v24Jeremiah 5:1thematic

Parallels God's willingness to spare a city if even one righteous person is found.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v32Judges 6:39thematic

Gideon uses the identical humble plea, 'let not the Lord be angry,' in his intercession.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Genesis 12:3thematic

Repeats the foundational Abrahamic covenant promise of universal blessing.

v18Galatians 3:8fulfillment

NT confirmation that the gospel was preached to Abraham in this covenant promise.

v19Joshua 24:15thematic

Parallels Abraham's commitment to rule his household well with Joshua's family pledge.

v26Matthew 24:22thematic

Parallels how God spares or shortens judgments on places for the sake of the elect.

Supported by JFB

v27Job 42:6-8thematic

Parallels Abraham's self-abasement with Job's repentance in dust and ashes before God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Luke 18:1thematic

Illustrates persistence in prayer and intercession, mirroring Abraham's progressive bargaining.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Genesis 19:13thematic

Direct connection to the execution of the judgment announced here against Sodom.

v21Hebrews 4:13thematic

Grounds the truth that God does not need to 'go down' to know, as all is open to Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Ezekiel 22:30thematic

Thematic contrast where God looks for someone to stand in the gap, as Abraham did.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Genesis 19:27thematic

Shows Abraham returning to the exact place where he stood interceding before the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Genesis 2:7thematic

The origin of man from the dust, grounding Abraham's 'dust and ashes' expression.

Supported by Matthew Poole