Genesis43
New Living Translation
1But the famine continued to ravage the land of Canaan.
2When the grain they had brought from Egypt was almost gone, Jacob said to his sons, “Go back and buy us a little more food.”
3But Judah said, “The man was serious when he warned us, ‘You won’t see my face again unless your brother is with you.’
4If you send Benjamin with us, we will go down and buy more food.
5But if you don’t let Benjamin go, we won’t go either. Remember, the man said, ‘You won’t see my face again unless your brother is with you.’”
6“Why were you so cruel to me?” Jacob moaned. “Why did you tell him you had another brother?”
7“The man kept asking us questions about our family,” they replied. “He asked, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ So we answered his questions. How could we know he would say, ‘Bring your brother down here’?”
8Judah said to his father, “Send the boy with me, and we will be on our way. Otherwise we will all die of starvation—and not only we, but you and our little ones.
9I personally guarantee his safety. You may hold me responsible if I don’t bring him back to you. Then let me bear the blame forever.
10If we hadn’t wasted all this time, we could have gone and returned twice by now.”
11So their father, Jacob, finally said to them, “If it can’t be avoided, then at least do this. Pack your bags with the best products of this land. Take them down to the man as gifts—balm, honey, gum, aromatic resin, pistachio nuts, and almonds.
12Also take double the money that was put back in your sacks, as it was probably someone’s mistake.
13Then take your brother, and go back to the man.
14May God Almighty give you mercy as you go before the man, so that he will release Simeon and let Benjamin return. But if I must lose my children, so be it.”
15So the men packed Jacob’s gifts and double the money and headed off with Benjamin. They finally arrived in Egypt and presented themselves to Joseph.
16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the manager of his household, “These men will eat with me this noon. Take them inside the palace. Then go slaughter an animal, and prepare a big feast.”
17So the man did as Joseph told him and took them into Joseph’s palace.
18The brothers were terrified when they saw that they were being taken into Joseph’s house. “It’s because of the money someone put in our sacks last time we were here,” they said. “He plans to pretend that we stole it. Then he will seize us, make us slaves, and take our donkeys.”
19The brothers approached the manager of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the palace.
20“Sir,” they said, “we came to Egypt once before to buy food.
21But as we were returning home, we stopped for the night and opened our sacks. Then we discovered that each man’s money—the exact amount paid—was in the top of his sack! Here it is; we have brought it back with us.
22We also have additional money to buy more food. We have no idea who put our money in our sacks.”
23“Relax. Don’t be afraid,” the household manager told them. “Your God, the God of your father, must have put this treasure into your sacks. I know I received your payment.” Then he released Simeon and brought him out to them.
24The manager then led the men into Joseph’s palace. He gave them water to wash their feet and provided food for their donkeys.
25They were told they would be eating there, so they prepared their gifts for Joseph’s arrival at noon.
26When Joseph came home, they gave him the gifts they had brought him, then bowed low to the ground before him.
27After greeting them, he asked, “How is your father, the old man you spoke about? Is he still alive?”
28“Yes,” they replied. “Our father, your servant, is alive and well.” And they bowed low again.
29Then Joseph looked at his brother Benjamin, the son of his own mother. “Is this your youngest brother, the one you told me about?” Joseph asked. “May God be gracious to you, my son.”
30Then Joseph hurried from the room because he was overcome with emotion for his brother. He went into his private room, where he broke down and wept.
31After washing his face, he came back out, keeping himself under control. Then he ordered, “Bring out the food!”
32The waiters served Joseph at his own table, and his brothers were served at a separate table. The Egyptians who ate with Joseph sat at their own table, because Egyptians despise Hebrews and refuse to eat with them.
33Joseph told each of his brothers where to sit, and to their amazement, he seated them according to age, from oldest to youngest.
34And Joseph filled their plates with food from his own table, giving Benjamin five times as much as he gave the others. So they feasted and drank freely with him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 43.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1–14). Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15–25). Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26–34).
vv1-14
Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, etc. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.
vv15-25
Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.
vv26-34
Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.
Key Words
רָעָב: hunger (more or less extensive)
כָּבֵד: heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
כָּלָה: to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)
שֶׁבֶר: grain (as if broken into kernels)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
Cross References
Genesis 43Lists identical commodities (balm, spices, myrrh) carried by Ishmeelite traders from Gilead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct fulfillment of Joseph's prophetic dreams as his brothers bow down before him in his house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The brothers make obeisance, fulfilling Joseph's early dreams of their sheaves bowing to his.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's banishment from the king's presence uses the exact idiomatic warning: "let him not see my face."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Judah directly references his surety pledge to his father in his final plea to Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esther's formula of resignation ("if I perish, I perish") echoes Jacob's "if I be bereaved, I am bereaved."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of intense brotherly/motherly compassion: 'bowels did yearn' (or yearn upon them).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why eating with Hebrews was an abomination, noting Egyptian cultural prejudice against shepherds.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's initial refusal to let Benjamin go, which is here overcome by starvation.
Supported by JFB
Judah acts as a surety for Benjamin, typifying Jesus as the surety of a better covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the wisdom of pacifying anger through a gift, a strategy Jacob previously used with Esau.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's parallel strategy of sending a present to appease an offended authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The initial discovery of the money returned in their sacks that caused their fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the brothers' original terrifying discovery of the money returned in their sacks.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Joseph's struggle to control his deep emotions before finally revealing himself to his brothers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jacob repeating the command to go down and buy food to survive.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The brothers' earlier testimony regarding their family structure that prompted Joseph's demand.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob invokes the covenant name 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), first revealed to Abraham here.
Supported by John Calvin
An earlier example of slaughtering animals for a solemn covenant feast.
Supported by JFB
Their initial terror in the way when they found the money, now intensified at Joseph's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the seating of honored guests in a special place of dignity during a banquet.
Supported by JFB
Further illustrates things associated with the Hebrews that were considered an abomination to Egyptians.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ancient custom of sending a special, larger mess of food to honor a preferred guest.
Supported by JFB
Reiteration of Joseph's solemn warning regarding the presence of Benjamin.
Supported by John Calvin
References Jacob's explicit instruction to return the oversight money in full weight.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Standard Oriental custom of hospitality: providing water for guests to wash their feet.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights early Egyptian boundaries regarding food, as Potiphar left all save his own bread to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
Joseph's continued favoritism toward Benjamin to test his brothers' jealousy, giving him greater gifts.
Supported by Matthew Henry