Genesis44
New Living Translation
1When his brothers were ready to leave, Joseph gave these instructions to his palace manager: “Fill each of their sacks with as much grain as they can carry, and put each man’s money back into his sack.
2Then put my personal silver cup at the top of the youngest brother’s sack, along with the money for his grain.” So the manager did as Joseph instructed him.
3The brothers were up at dawn and were sent on their journey with their loaded donkeys.
4But when they had gone only a short distance and were barely out of the city, Joseph said to his palace manager, “Chase after them and stop them. When you catch up with them, ask them, ‘Why have you repaid my kindness with such evil?
5Why have you stolen my master’s silver cup, which he uses to predict the future? What a wicked thing you have done!’”
6When the palace manager caught up with the men, he spoke to them as he had been instructed.
7“What are you talking about?” the brothers responded. “We are your servants and would never do such a thing!
8Didn’t we return the money we found in our sacks? We brought it back all the way from the land of Canaan. Why would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house?
9If you find his cup with any one of us, let that man die. And all the rest of us, my lord, will be your slaves.”
10“That’s fair,” the man replied. “But only the one who stole the cup will be my slave. The rest of you may go free.”
11They all quickly took their sacks from the backs of their donkeys and opened them.
12The palace manager searched the brothers’ sacks, from the oldest to the youngest. And the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack!
13When the brothers saw this, they tore their clothing in despair. Then they loaded their donkeys again and returned to the city.
14Joseph was still in his palace when Judah and his brothers arrived, and they fell to the ground before him.
15“What have you done?” Joseph demanded. “Don’t you know that a man like me can predict the future?”
16Judah answered, “Oh, my lord, what can we say to you? How can we explain this? How can we prove our innocence? God is punishing us for our sins. My lord, we have all returned to be your slaves—all of us, not just our brother who had your cup in his sack.”
17“No,” Joseph said. “I would never do such a thing! Only the man who stole the cup will be my slave. The rest of you may go back to your father in peace.”
18Then Judah stepped forward and said, “Please, my lord, let your servant say just one word to you. Please, do not be angry with me, even though you are as powerful as Pharaoh himself.
19“My lord, previously you asked us, your servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’
20And we responded, ‘Yes, my lord, we have a father who is an old man, and his youngest son is a child of his old age. His full brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother’s children, and his father loves him very much.’
21“And you said to us, ‘Bring him here so I can see him with my own eyes.’
22But we said to you, ‘My lord, the boy cannot leave his father, for his father would die.’
23But you told us, ‘Unless your youngest brother comes with you, you will never see my face again.’
24“So we returned to your servant, our father, and told him what you had said.
25Later, when he said, ‘Go back again and buy us more food,’
26we replied, ‘We can’t go unless you let our youngest brother go with us. We’ll never get to see the man’s face unless our youngest brother is with us.’
27“Then my father said to us, ‘As you know, my wife had two sons,
28and one of them went away and never returned. Doubtless he was torn to pieces by some wild animal. I have never seen him since.
29Now if you take his brother away from me, and any harm comes to him, you will send this grieving, white-haired man to his grave.’
30“And now, my lord, I cannot go back to my father without the boy. Our father’s life is bound up in the boy’s life.
31If he sees that the boy is not with us, our father will die. We, your servants, will indeed be responsible for sending that grieving, white-haired man to his grave.
32My lord, I guaranteed to my father that I would take care of the boy. I told him, ‘If I don’t bring him back to you, I will bear the blame forever.’
33“So please, my lord, let me stay here as a slave instead of the boy, and let the boy return with his brothers.
34For how can I return to my father if the boy is not with me? I couldn’t bear to see the anguish this would cause my father!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 44.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Joseph's policy to stay his brethren, and try their affection for Benjamin. (1–17). Judah's supplication to Joseph. (18–34).
vv1-17
Joseph tried how his brethren felt towards Benjamin. Had they envied and hated the other son of Rachel as they had hated him, and if they had the same want of feeling towards their father Jacob as heretofore, they would now have shown it. When the cup was found upon Benjamin, they would have a pretext for leaving him to be a slave. But we cannot judge what men are now, by what they have been formerly; nor what they will do, by what they have done. The steward charged them with being ungrateful, rewarding evil for good; with folly, in taking away the cup of daily use, which would soon be missed, and diligent search made for it; for so it may be read, Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, as having a particular fondness for it, and for which he would search thoroughly? Or, By which, leaving it carelessly at your table, he would make trial whether you were honest men or not? They throw themselves upon Joseph's mercy, and acknowledge the righteousness of God, perhaps thinking of the injury they had formerly done to Joseph, for which they thought God was now reckoning with them. Even in afflictions wherein we believe ourselves wronged by men, we must own that God is righteous, and finds out our sin.
vv18-34
Had Joseph been, as Judah supposed him, an utter stranger to the family, he could not but be wrought upon by his powerful reasonings. But neither Jacob nor Benjamin need an intercessor with Joseph; for he himself loved them. Judah's faithful cleaving to Benjamin, now, in his distress, was recompensed long afterwards by the tribe of Benjamin keeping with the tribe of Judah, when the other tribes deserted it. The apostle, when discoursing of the mediation of Christ, observes, that our Lord sprang out of Judah, Heb 7:14; and he not only made intercession for the transgressors, but he became a Surety for them, testifying therein tender concern, both for his Father and for his brethren. Jesus, the great antitype of Joseph, humbles and proves his people, even after they have had some tastes of his loving-kindness. He brings their sins to their remembrance, that they may exercise and show repentance, and feel how much they owe to his mercy.
Key Words
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
מָלֵא: to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
אַמְתַּחַת: properly, something expansive, i.e. a bag
אֹכֶל: food
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יָכֹל: to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
נָשָׂא: to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
Cross References
Genesis 44The brothers falling before Joseph on the ground directly fulfills his early prophetic dreams of their sheaves bowing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Judah quotes his own previous pledge of surety for Benjamin made directly to Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Judah confesses God found out their iniquity, echoing their previous conviction regarding their guilty sale of Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Judah's substitutionary surety for Benjamin foreshadows Christ, the Surety of a better covenant from Judah's line.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Hebrew word for 'divine' (nachash) is used here as 'to diligently observe or learn by experience.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
They rend their clothes in grief over Benjamin, contrasting with their past callousness when selling Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Judah steps forward as spokesman because he had personally pledged to be surety for Benjamin's safe return.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Judah references Jacob's original agonizing conclusion that Joseph was surely torn in pieces.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Judah recalls Jacob's fearful words concerning bringing down his gray hairs with sorrow to sheol.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Joseph commands his steward to replace their money in their sacks, repeating his previous mysterious strategy.
Supported by JFB
The brothers' rash vow of death to the thief mirrors Jacob's past foolish vow to Laban.
Supported by John Calvin
Judah says Joseph is 'even as Pharaoh,' recalling Joseph's supreme appointment over Egypt's royal house.
Supported by John Calvin
Judah recounts the initial interrogation regarding their family tree that forced them to bring Benjamin.
Supported by John Calvin
Judah recites Jacob's extreme grief and protective warning regarding Benjamin, his only remaining child of Rachel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the phrase 'life is bound up' in another life, describing deep soul-binding affection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's willing substitution for his brethren reflects Judah's self-sacrificial offer to take Benjamin's place.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Judah's dread of seeing the overwhelming evil and grief fall upon his father.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The steward's accusation of 'rewarding evil for good' reflects the wicked ingratitude warned against in Proverbs.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
They defend their honesty by noting they returned the double money found in their sacks earlier.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The search starting from eldest to youngest mirrors how they were seated at Joseph's feast.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Recalls the strict warning of the Egyptian ruler that they would not see his face without Benjamin.
Supported by John Calvin
Confirms Jacob's view of Rachel as his primary wife who bore him two sons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes Jacob's grief over Joseph, refusing to be comforted as he goes to the grave.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The steward's proposal to take only the thief as servant is later repeated by Joseph himself.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Benjamin is described as 'a child of his old age,' just as Joseph was formerly designated.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Refers back to Joseph's initial demanding test and oath to see the youngest brother.
Supported by John Calvin
Contrasts Reuben's rash surety proposal with Judah's genuine, practical, and effective surety offer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses, like Judah, offers himself as a substitute to save his people from destruction.
Supported by Matthew Henry