Genesis 44NKJV
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Genesis44

New King James Version

1And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, “Fill the men’s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put each man’s money in the mouth of his sack.

2Also put my cup, the silver cup, in the mouth of the sack of the youngest, and his grain money.” So he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken.

3As soon as the morning dawned, the men were sent away, they and their donkeys.

4When they had gone out of the city, and were not yet far off, Joseph said to his steward, “Get up, follow the men; and when you overtake them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid evil for good?

5Is not this the one from which my lord drinks, and with which he indeed practices divination? You have done evil in so doing.’ ”

6So he overtook them, and he spoke to them these same words.

7And they said to him, “Why does my lord say these words? Far be it from us that your servants should do such a thing.

8Look, we brought back to you from the land of Canaan the money which we found in the mouth of our sacks. How then could we steal silver or gold from your lord’s house?

9With whomever of your servants it is found, let him die, and we also will be my lord’s slaves.”

10And he said, “Now also let it be according to your words; he with whom it is found shall be my slave, and you shall be blameless.”

11Then each man speedily let down his sack to the ground, and each opened his sack.

12So he searched. He began with the oldest and left off with the youngest; and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack.

13Then they tore their clothes, and each man loaded his donkey and returned to the city.

14So Judah and his brothers came to Joseph’s house, and he was still there; and they fell before him on the ground.

15And Joseph said to them, “What deed is this you have done? Did you not know that such a man as I can certainly practice divination?”

16Then Judah said, “What shall we say to my lord? What shall we speak? Or how shall we clear ourselves? God has found out the iniquity of your servants; here we are, my lord’s slaves, both we and he also with whom the cup was found.”

17But he said, “Far be it from me that I should do so; the man in whose hand the cup was found, he shall be my slave. And as for you, go up in peace to your father.”

18Then Judah came near to him and said: “O my lord, please let your servant speak a word in my lord’s hearing, and do not let your anger burn against your servant; for you are even like Pharaoh.

19My lord asked his servants, saying, ‘Have you a father or a brother?’

20And we said to my lord, ‘We have a father, an old man, and a child of his old age, who is young; his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother’s children, and his father loves him.’

21Then you said to your servants, ‘Bring him down to me, that I may set my eyes on him.’

22And we said to my lord, ‘The lad cannot leave his father, for if he should leave his father, his father would die.’

23But you said to your servants, ‘Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you shall see my face no more.’

24“So it was, when we went up to your servant my father, that we told him the words of my lord.

25And our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’

26But we said, ‘We cannot go down; if our youngest brother is with us, then we will go down; for we may not see the man’s face unless our youngest brother is with us.’

27Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons;

28and the one went out from me, and I said, “Surely he is torn to pieces”; and I have not seen him since.

29But if you take this one also from me, and calamity befalls him, you shall bring down my gray hair with sorrow to the grave.’

30“Now therefore, when I come to your servant my father, and the lad is not with us, since his life is bound up in the lad’s life,

31it will happen, when he sees that the lad is not with us, that he will die. So your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father with sorrow to the grave.

32For your servant became surety for the lad to my father, saying, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, then I shall bear the blame before my father forever.’

33Now therefore, please let your servant remain instead of the lad as a slave to my lord, and let the lad go up with his brothers.

34For how shall I go up to my father if the lad is not with me, lest perhaps I see the evil that would come upon my father?”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 44.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Joseph's policy to stay his brethren, and try their affection for Benjamin. (1–17). Judah's supplication to Joseph. (18–34).

vv1-17

Joseph tried how his brethren felt towards Benjamin. Had they envied and hated the other son of Rachel as they had hated him, and if they had the same want of feeling towards their father Jacob as heretofore, they would now have shown it. When the cup was found upon Benjamin, they would have a pretext for leaving him to be a slave. But we cannot judge what men are now, by what they have been formerly; nor what they will do, by what they have done. The steward charged them with being ungrateful, rewarding evil for good; with folly, in taking away the cup of daily use, which would soon be missed, and diligent search made for it; for so it may be read, Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, as having a particular fondness for it, and for which he would search thoroughly? Or, By which, leaving it carelessly at your table, he would make trial whether you were honest men or not? They throw themselves upon Joseph's mercy, and acknowledge the righteousness of God, perhaps thinking of the injury they had formerly done to Joseph, for which they thought God was now reckoning with them. Even in afflictions wherein we believe ourselves wronged by men, we must own that God is righteous, and finds out our sin.

vv18-34

Had Joseph been, as Judah supposed him, an utter stranger to the family, he could not but be wrought upon by his powerful reasonings. But neither Jacob nor Benjamin need an intercessor with Joseph; for he himself loved them. Judah's faithful cleaving to Benjamin, now, in his distress, was recompensed long afterwards by the tribe of Benjamin keeping with the tribe of Judah, when the other tribes deserted it. The apostle, when discoursing of the mediation of Christ, observes, that our Lord sprang out of Judah, Heb 7:14; and he not only made intercession for the transgressors, but he became a Surety for them, testifying therein tender concern, both for his Father and for his brethren. Jesus, the great antitype of Joseph, humbles and proves his people, even after they have had some tastes of his loving-kindness. He brings their sins to their remembrance, that they may exercise and show repentance, and feel how much they owe to his mercy.

Cross References

Genesis 44
v14Genesis 37:7-9fulfillment

The brothers falling before Joseph on the ground directly fulfills his early prophetic dreams of their sheaves bowing.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah quotes his own previous pledge of surety for Benjamin made directly to Jacob.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 42:21thematic

Judah confesses God found out their iniquity, echoing their previous conviction regarding their guilty sale of Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v32Hebrews 7:22typology

Judah's substitutionary surety for Benjamin foreshadows Christ, the Surety of a better covenant from Judah's line.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v5Genesis 30:27thematic

The Hebrew word for 'divine' (nachash) is used here as 'to diligently observe or learn by experience.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Genesis 37:29-34contrast

They rend their clothes in grief over Benjamin, contrasting with their past callousness when selling Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah steps forward as spokesman because he had personally pledged to be surety for Benjamin's safe return.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v28Genesis 37:33allusion

Judah references Jacob's original agonizing conclusion that Joseph was surely torn in pieces.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v29Genesis 42:38thematic

Judah recalls Jacob's fearful words concerning bringing down his gray hairs with sorrow to sheol.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1Genesis 42:25thematic

Joseph commands his steward to replace their money in their sacks, repeating his previous mysterious strategy.

Supported by JFB

v9Genesis 31:32thematic

The brothers' rash vow of death to the thief mirrors Jacob's past foolish vow to Laban.

Supported by John Calvin

v18Genesis 41:40thematic

Judah says Joseph is 'even as Pharaoh,' recalling Joseph's supreme appointment over Egypt's royal house.

Supported by John Calvin

v19Genesis 43:7thematic

Judah recounts the initial interrogation regarding their family tree that forced them to bring Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v20Genesis 42:38thematic

Judah recites Jacob's extreme grief and protective warning regarding Benjamin, his only remaining child of Rachel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v301 Samuel 18:1thematic

Parallels the phrase 'life is bound up' in another life, describing deep soul-binding affection.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Romans 9:3thematic

Paul's willing substitution for his brethren reflects Judah's self-sacrificial offer to take Benjamin's place.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Esther 8:6thematic

Parallels Judah's dread of seeing the overwhelming evil and grief fall upon his father.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Proverbs 17:13thematic

The steward's accusation of 'rewarding evil for good' reflects the wicked ingratitude warned against in Proverbs.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v8Genesis 43:12thematic

They defend their honesty by noting they returned the double money found in their sacks earlier.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Genesis 43:33thematic

The search starting from eldest to youngest mirrors how they were seated at Joseph's feast.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 43:3thematic

Recalls the strict warning of the Egyptian ruler that they would not see his face without Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v27Genesis 46:19thematic

Confirms Jacob's view of Rachel as his primary wife who bore him two sons.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v29Genesis 37:35thematic

Echoes Jacob's grief over Joseph, refusing to be comforted as he goes to the grave.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v10Genesis 44:17thematic

The steward's proposal to take only the thief as servant is later repeated by Joseph himself.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v20Genesis 37:3thematic

Benjamin is described as 'a child of his old age,' just as Joseph was formerly designated.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 42:15thematic

Refers back to Joseph's initial demanding test and oath to see the youngest brother.

Supported by John Calvin

v32Genesis 42:37contrast

Contrasts Reuben's rash surety proposal with Judah's genuine, practical, and effective surety offer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Exodus 32:32thematic

Moses, like Judah, offers himself as a substitute to save his people from destruction.

Supported by Matthew Henry