Genesis 44ESV
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Genesis44

English Standard Version

1Then he the of his , the with , as much they , and each in the of his ,

2and my , the , in the of the of the , with his for the . And he .

3As soon as the was , the were with their .

4They had only a from the . Now to his , , the , and when you them, to them, have you for ?

5Is it from my , and by this that he ? You have this.

6When he them, he to them .

7They to him, does my such as ? Far be from your to !

8 , the we in the of our we to you from the of . could we or from your ?

9 of your is with it shall , and we also will be my .

10He , it be you : he who is with it shall be my , and the rest of you shall be .

11Then each his to the , and each his .

12And he , with the and with the . And the was in .

13Then they their , and every , and they to the .

14When and his to , he was . They him to the .

15 to them, is you have ? Do you a like me practice ?

16And , shall we to my ? shall we ? Or can we ? has the of your ; , we are my , both we and he in the has been .

17But he , Far be from me that I should ! Only the in the was shall be my . But as for you, in to your .

18Then went up him and , Oh, my , let your a in my , and let your against your , you are like himself.

19My his , , you a , or a ?

20And we to my , We a , an , and a brother, the of his . His is , and he is of his children, and his him.

21Then you to your , Bring him to me, that I may my him.

22We to my , The his , for if he should his father, his would .

23Then you to your , your comes with you, you shall my .

24When we to your my , we him the of my .

25And when our , Go , us a ,

26we , We . our with us, then we will . we the our is with us.

27Then your my to us, You that my me sons.

28 me, and I , he has been torn to , and I have .

29If you this , and happens , you will bring my in to .

30 therefore, as soon as I to your my , and the is with us, then, as his is in the boy’s ,

31as soon as he the is with us, he will , and your will bring the of your our with to .

32 your became a pledge of for the my , , I do him back to you, then I shall bear the before my my .

33 therefore, please let your of the as a to my , and the with his .

34 can I to my if the is with me? I to the would my .

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 44.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Joseph's policy to stay his brethren, and try their affection for Benjamin. (1–17). Judah's supplication to Joseph. (18–34).

vv1-17

Joseph tried how his brethren felt towards Benjamin. Had they envied and hated the other son of Rachel as they had hated him, and if they had the same want of feeling towards their father Jacob as heretofore, they would now have shown it. When the cup was found upon Benjamin, they would have a pretext for leaving him to be a slave. But we cannot judge what men are now, by what they have been formerly; nor what they will do, by what they have done. The steward charged them with being ungrateful, rewarding evil for good; with folly, in taking away the cup of daily use, which would soon be missed, and diligent search made for it; for so it may be read, Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, as having a particular fondness for it, and for which he would search thoroughly? Or, By which, leaving it carelessly at your table, he would make trial whether you were honest men or not? They throw themselves upon Joseph's mercy, and acknowledge the righteousness of God, perhaps thinking of the injury they had formerly done to Joseph, for which they thought God was now reckoning with them. Even in afflictions wherein we believe ourselves wronged by men, we must own that God is righteous, and finds out our sin.

vv18-34

Had Joseph been, as Judah supposed him, an utter stranger to the family, he could not but be wrought upon by his powerful reasonings. But neither Jacob nor Benjamin need an intercessor with Joseph; for he himself loved them. Judah's faithful cleaving to Benjamin, now, in his distress, was recompensed long afterwards by the tribe of Benjamin keeping with the tribe of Judah, when the other tribes deserted it. The apostle, when discoursing of the mediation of Christ, observes, that our Lord sprang out of Judah, Heb 7:14; and he not only made intercession for the transgressors, but he became a Surety for them, testifying therein tender concern, both for his Father and for his brethren. Jesus, the great antitype of Joseph, humbles and proves his people, even after they have had some tastes of his loving-kindness. He brings their sins to their remembrance, that they may exercise and show repentance, and feel how much they owe to his mercy.

Cross References

Genesis 44
v14Genesis 37:7-9fulfillment

The brothers falling before Joseph on the ground directly fulfills his early prophetic dreams of their sheaves bowing.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah quotes his own previous pledge of surety for Benjamin made directly to Jacob.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 42:21thematic

Judah confesses God found out their iniquity, echoing their previous conviction regarding their guilty sale of Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v32Hebrews 7:22typology

Judah's substitutionary surety for Benjamin foreshadows Christ, the Surety of a better covenant from Judah's line.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v5Genesis 30:27thematic

The Hebrew word for 'divine' (nachash) is used here as 'to diligently observe or learn by experience.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Genesis 37:29-34contrast

They rend their clothes in grief over Benjamin, contrasting with their past callousness when selling Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah steps forward as spokesman because he had personally pledged to be surety for Benjamin's safe return.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v28Genesis 37:33allusion

Judah references Jacob's original agonizing conclusion that Joseph was surely torn in pieces.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v29Genesis 42:38thematic

Judah recalls Jacob's fearful words concerning bringing down his gray hairs with sorrow to sheol.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v1Genesis 42:25thematic

Joseph commands his steward to replace their money in their sacks, repeating his previous mysterious strategy.

Supported by JFB

v9Genesis 31:32thematic

The brothers' rash vow of death to the thief mirrors Jacob's past foolish vow to Laban.

Supported by John Calvin

v18Genesis 41:40thematic

Judah says Joseph is 'even as Pharaoh,' recalling Joseph's supreme appointment over Egypt's royal house.

Supported by John Calvin

v19Genesis 43:7thematic

Judah recounts the initial interrogation regarding their family tree that forced them to bring Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v20Genesis 42:38thematic

Judah recites Jacob's extreme grief and protective warning regarding Benjamin, his only remaining child of Rachel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v301 Samuel 18:1thematic

Parallels the phrase 'life is bound up' in another life, describing deep soul-binding affection.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Romans 9:3thematic

Paul's willing substitution for his brethren reflects Judah's self-sacrificial offer to take Benjamin's place.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Esther 8:6thematic

Parallels Judah's dread of seeing the overwhelming evil and grief fall upon his father.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Proverbs 17:13thematic

The steward's accusation of 'rewarding evil for good' reflects the wicked ingratitude warned against in Proverbs.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v8Genesis 43:12thematic

They defend their honesty by noting they returned the double money found in their sacks earlier.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Genesis 43:33thematic

The search starting from eldest to youngest mirrors how they were seated at Joseph's feast.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 43:3thematic

Recalls the strict warning of the Egyptian ruler that they would not see his face without Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v27Genesis 46:19thematic

Confirms Jacob's view of Rachel as his primary wife who bore him two sons.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v29Genesis 37:35thematic

Echoes Jacob's grief over Joseph, refusing to be comforted as he goes to the grave.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v10Genesis 44:17thematic

The steward's proposal to take only the thief as servant is later repeated by Joseph himself.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v20Genesis 37:3thematic

Benjamin is described as 'a child of his old age,' just as Joseph was formerly designated.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 42:15thematic

Refers back to Joseph's initial demanding test and oath to see the youngest brother.

Supported by John Calvin

v32Genesis 42:37contrast

Contrasts Reuben's rash surety proposal with Judah's genuine, practical, and effective surety offer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Exodus 32:32thematic

Moses, like Judah, offers himself as a substitute to save his people from destruction.

Supported by Matthew Henry