Genesis 43NIV
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Genesis43

New International Version

1Now the famine was still severe in the land.

2So when they had eaten all the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Go back and buy us a little more food.”

3But Judah said to him, “The man warned us solemnly, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’

4If you will send our brother along with us, we will go down and buy food for you.

5But if you will not send him, we will not go down, because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’”

6Israel asked, “Why did you bring this trouble on me by telling the man you had another brother?”

7They replied, “The man questioned us closely about ourselves and our family. ‘Is your father still living?’ he asked us. ‘Do you have another brother?’ We simply answered his questions. How were we to know he would say, ‘Bring your brother down here’?”

8Then Judah said to Israel his father, “Send the boy along with me and we will go at once, so that we and you and our children may live and not die.

9I myself will guarantee his safety; you can hold me personally responsible for him. If I do not bring him back to you and set him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life.

10As it is, if we had not delayed, we could have gone and returned twice.”

11Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be, then do this: Put some of the best products of the land in your bags and take them down to the man as a gift—a little balm and a little honey, some spices and myrrh, some pistachio nuts and almonds.

12Take double the amount of silver with you, for you must return the silver that was put back into the mouths of your sacks. Perhaps it was a mistake.

13Take your brother also and go back to the man at once.

14And may God Almighty grant you mercy before the man so that he will let your other brother and Benjamin come back with you. As for me, if I am bereaved, I am bereaved.”

15So the men took the gifts and double the amount of silver, and Benjamin also. They hurried down to Egypt and presented themselves to Joseph.

16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, “Take these men to my house, slaughter an animal and prepare a meal; they are to eat with me at noon.”

17The man did as Joseph told him and took the men to Joseph’s house.

18Now the men were frightened when they were taken to his house. They thought, “We were brought here because of the silver that was put back into our sacks the first time. He wants to attack us and overpower us and seize us as slaves and take our donkeys.”

19So they went up to Joseph’s steward and spoke to him at the entrance to the house.

20“We beg your pardon, our lord,” they said, “we came down here the first time to buy food.

21But at the place where we stopped for the night we opened our sacks and each of us found his silver—the exact weight—in the mouth of his sack. So we have brought it back with us.

22We have also brought additional silver with us to buy food. We don’t know who put our silver in our sacks.”

23“It’s all right,” he said. “Don’t be afraid. Your God, the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks; I received your silver.” Then he brought Simeon out to them.

24The steward took the men into Joseph’s house, gave them water to wash their feet and provided fodder for their donkeys.

25They prepared their gifts for Joseph’s arrival at noon, because they had heard that they were to eat there.

26When Joseph came home, they presented to him the gifts they had brought into the house, and they bowed down before him to the ground.

27He asked them how they were, and then he said, “How is your aged father you told me about? Is he still living?”

28They replied, “Your servant our father is still alive and well.” And they bowed down, prostrating themselves before him.

29As he looked about and saw his brother Benjamin, his own mother’s son, he asked, “Is this your youngest brother, the one you told me about?” And he said, “God be gracious to you, my son.”

30Deeply moved at the sight of his brother, Joseph hurried out and looked for a place to weep. He went into his private room and wept there.

31After he had washed his face, he came out and, controlling himself, said, “Serve the food.”

32They served him by himself, the brothers by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because Egyptians could not eat with Hebrews, for that is detestable to Egyptians.

33The men had been seated before him in the order of their ages, from the firstborn to the youngest; and they looked at each other in astonishment.

34When portions were served to them from Joseph’s table, Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as anyone else’s. So they feasted and drank freely with him.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 43.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1–14). Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15–25). Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26–34).

vv1-14

Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, etc. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.

vv15-25

Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.

vv26-34

Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.

Cross References

Genesis 43
v11Genesis 37:25thematic

Lists identical commodities (balm, spices, myrrh) carried by Ishmeelite traders from Gilead.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v26Genesis 42:6fulfillment

Direct fulfillment of Joseph's prophetic dreams as his brothers bow down before him in his house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Genesis 37:7-10fulfillment

The brothers make obeisance, fulfilling Joseph's early dreams of their sheaves bowing to his.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32 Samuel 14:24thematic

Absalom's banishment from the king's presence uses the exact idiomatic warning: "let him not see my face."

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Genesis 44:32thematic

Judah directly references his surety pledge to his father in his final plea to Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Esther 4:16thematic

Esther's formula of resignation ("if I perish, I perish") echoes Jacob's "if I be bereaved, I am bereaved."

Supported by Matthew Poole

v301 Kings 3:26thematic

Verbal parallel of intense brotherly/motherly compassion: 'bowels did yearn' (or yearn upon them).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Genesis 46:34thematic

Explains why eating with Hebrews was an abomination, noting Egyptian cultural prejudice against shepherds.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 42:38thematic

Jacob's initial refusal to let Benjamin go, which is here overcome by starvation.

Supported by JFB

v9Hebrews 7:22typology

Judah acts as a surety for Benjamin, typifying Jesus as the surety of a better covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Proverbs 21:14thematic

Illustrates the wisdom of pacifying anger through a gift, a strategy Jacob previously used with Esau.

Supported by JFB

v11Genesis 32:13-21thematic

Jacob's parallel strategy of sending a present to appease an offended authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Genesis 42:35thematic

The initial discovery of the money returned in their sacks that caused their fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v21Genesis 42:27-35thematic

Details the brothers' original terrifying discovery of the money returned in their sacks.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Genesis 45:1thematic

Parallels Joseph's struggle to control his deep emotions before finally revealing himself to his brothers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Genesis 42:2thematic

Jacob repeating the command to go down and buy food to survive.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Genesis 42:13thematic

The brothers' earlier testimony regarding their family structure that prompted Joseph's demand.

Supported by John Calvin

v14Genesis 17:1thematic

Jacob invokes the covenant name 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), first revealed to Abraham here.

Supported by John Calvin

v16Genesis 31:54thematic

An earlier example of slaughtering animals for a solemn covenant feast.

Supported by JFB

v18Genesis 42:28thematic

Their initial terror in the way when they found the money, now intensified at Joseph's house.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v321 Samuel 9:22thematic

Parallels the seating of honored guests in a special place of dignity during a banquet.

Supported by JFB

v32Exodus 8:26thematic

Further illustrates things associated with the Hebrews that were considered an abomination to Egyptians.

Supported by JFB

v341 Samuel 9:23thematic

Parallels the ancient custom of sending a special, larger mess of food to honor a preferred guest.

Supported by JFB

v3Genesis 44:23thematic

Reiteration of Joseph's solemn warning regarding the presence of Benjamin.

Supported by John Calvin

v21Genesis 43:12thematic

References Jacob's explicit instruction to return the oversight money in full weight.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v24Genesis 18:4thematic

Standard Oriental custom of hospitality: providing water for guests to wash their feet.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Genesis 39:6thematic

Highlights early Egyptian boundaries regarding food, as Potiphar left all save his own bread to Joseph.

Supported by JFB

v34Genesis 45:22thematic

Joseph's continued favoritism toward Benjamin to test his brothers' jealousy, giving him greater gifts.

Supported by Matthew Henry