Genesis 37NIV
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Genesis37

New International Version

1Jacob lived in the land where his father had stayed, the land of Canaan.

2This is the account of Jacob’s family line. Joseph, a young man of seventeen, was tending the flocks with his brothers, the sons of Bilhah and the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives, and he brought their father a bad report about them.

3Now Israel loved Joseph more than any of his other sons, because he had been born to him in his old age; and he made an ornate robe for him.

4When his brothers saw that their father loved him more than any of them, they hated him and could not speak a kind word to him.

5Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his brothers, they hated him all the more.

6He said to them, “Listen to this dream I had:

7We were binding sheaves of grain out in the field when suddenly my sheaf rose and stood upright, while your sheaves gathered around mine and bowed down to it.”

8His brothers said to him, “Do you intend to reign over us? Will you actually rule us?” And they hated him all the more because of his dream and what he had said.

9Then he had another dream, and he told it to his brothers. “Listen,” he said, “I had another dream, and this time the sun and moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me.”

10When he told his father as well as his brothers, his father rebuked him and said, “What is this dream you had? Will your mother and I and your brothers actually come and bow down to the ground before you?”

11His brothers were jealous of him, but his father kept the matter in mind.

12Now his brothers had gone to graze their father’s flocks near Shechem,

13and Israel said to Joseph, “As you know, your brothers are grazing the flocks near Shechem. Come, I am going to send you to them.” “Very well,” he replied.

14So he said to him, “Go and see if all is well with your brothers and with the flocks, and bring word back to me.” Then he sent him off from the Valley of Hebron. When Joseph arrived at Shechem,

15a man found him wandering around in the fields and asked him, “What are you looking for?”

16He replied, “I’m looking for my brothers. Can you tell me where they are grazing their flocks?”

17“They have moved on from here,” the man answered. “I heard them say, ‘Let’s go to Dothan.’” So Joseph went after his brothers and found them near Dothan.

18But they saw him in the distance, and before he reached them, they plotted to kill him.

19“Here comes that dreamer!” they said to each other.

20“Come now, let’s kill him and throw him into one of these cisterns and say that a ferocious animal devoured him. Then we’ll see what comes of his dreams.”

21When Reuben heard this, he tried to rescue him from their hands. “Let’s not take his life,” he said.

22“Don’t shed any blood. Throw him into this cistern here in the wilderness, but don’t lay a hand on him.” Reuben said this to rescue him from them and take him back to his father.

23So when Joseph came to his brothers, they stripped him of his robe—the ornate robe he was wearing—

24and they took him and threw him into the cistern. The cistern was empty; there was no water in it.

25As they sat down to eat their meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were loaded with spices, balm and myrrh, and they were on their way to take them down to Egypt.

26Judah said to his brothers, “What will we gain if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?

27Come, let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites and not lay our hands on him; after all, he is our brother, our own flesh and blood.” His brothers agreed.

28So when the Midianite merchants came by, his brothers pulled Joseph up out of the cistern and sold him for twenty shekels of silver to the Ishmaelites, who took him to Egypt.

29When Reuben returned to the cistern and saw that Joseph was not there, he tore his clothes.

30He went back to his brothers and said, “The boy isn’t there! Where can I turn now?”

31Then they got Joseph’s robe, slaughtered a goat and dipped the robe in the blood.

32They took the ornate robe back to their father and said, “We found this. Examine it to see whether it is your son’s robe.”

33He recognized it and said, “It is my son’s robe! Some ferocious animal has devoured him. Joseph has surely been torn to pieces.”

34Then Jacob tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and mourned for his son many days.

35All his sons and daughters came to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. “No,” he said, “I will continue to mourn until I join my son in the grave.” So his father wept for him.

36Meanwhile, the Midianites sold Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, one of Pharaoh’s officials, the captain of the guard.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 37.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Joseph is loved of Jacob, but hated by his brethren. (1–4). Joseph's dreams. (5–11). Jacob sends Joseph to visit his brethren, They conspire his death. (12–22). Joseph's brethren sell him. (23–10). Jacob deceived, Joseph sold to Potiphar. (31–36).

vv1-4

In Joseph's history we see something of Christ, who was first humbled and then exalted. It also shows the lot of Christians, who must through many tribulations enter into the kingdom. It is a history that has none like it, for displaying the various workings of the human mind, both good and bad, and the singular providence of God in making use of them for fulfilling his purposes. Though Joseph was his father's darling, yet he was not bred up in idleness. Those do not truly love their children, who do not use them to business, and labour, and hardships. The fondling of children is with good reason called the spoiling of them. Those who are trained up to do nothing, are likely to be good for nothing. But Jacob made known his love, by dressing Joseph finer than the rest of his children. It is wrong for parents to make a difference between one child and another, unless there is great cause for it, by the children's dutifulness, or undutifulness. When parents make a difference, children soon notice it, and it leads to quarrels in families. Jacob's sons did that, when they were from under his eye, which they durst not have done at home with him; but Joseph gave his father an account of their ill conduct, that he might restrain them. Not as a tale-bearer, to sow discord, but as a faithful brother.

vv5-11

God gave Joseph betimes the prospect of his advancement, to support and comfort him under his long and grievous troubles. Observe, Joseph dreamed of his preferment, but he did not dream of his imprisonment. Thus many young people, when setting out in the world, think of nothing but prosperity and pleasure, and never dream of trouble. His brethren rightly interpreted the dream, though they abhorred the interpretation of it. While they committed crimes in order to defeat it, they were themselves the instruments of accomplishing it. Thus the Jews understood what Christ said of his kingdom. Determined that he should not reign over them, they consulted to put him to death; and by his crucifixion, made way for the exaltation they designed to prevent.

vv12-22

How readily does Joseph wait his father's orders! Those children who are best beloved by their parents, should be the most ready to obey them. See how deliberate Joseph's brethren were against him. They thought to slay him from malice aforethought, and in cold blood. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer, 1Jo 3:15. The sons of Jacob hated their brother because their father loved him. New occasions, as his dreams and the like, drew them on further; but this laid rankling in their hearts, till they resolved on his death. God has all hearts in his hands. Reuben had most reason to be jealous of Joseph, for he was the first-born; yet he proves his best friend. God overruled all to serve his own purpose, of making Joseph an instrument to save much people alive. Joseph was a type of Christ; for though he was the beloved Son of his Father, and hated by a wicked world, yet the Father sent him out of his bosom to visit us in great humility and love. He came from heaven to earth to seek and save us; yet then malicious plots were laid against him. His own not only received him not, but crucified him. This he submitted to, as a part of his design to redeem and save us.

Cross References

Genesis 37
v4Acts 7:9allusion

Stephen's speech explicitly summarizes the envy of Joseph's brethren and his selling into Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Genesis 42:6fulfillment

Direct historical fulfillment of Joseph's dream when his brothers bow before him in Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 42:22thematic

Reuben later reminds his brothers of his plea not to sin against the child.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Hebrews 11:9-16thematic

Explains Jacob dwelling as a stranger/sojourner in Canaan, living by faith like Isaac and Abraham.

Supported by JFB

v9Genesis 41:32thematic

The doubling of dreams (sheaves and stars) establishes that the matter is determined by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v18Matthew 21:38typology

Typological parallel to Christ: 'This is the heir; come, let us kill him.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v25Amos 6:6thematic

The brothers eat bread while Joseph is in the pit, demonstrating apathy toward his affliction.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Acts 7:9thematic

Stephen recounts that the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Psalms 105:17thematic

God's sovereignty in sending Joseph ahead as a slave to preserve his family.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32 Samuel 13:18thematic

Illustrates the 'coat of many colors' as a garment of royal distinction worn by virgin princesses.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Genesis 49:8thematic

Jacob's prophecy that Judah's brothers would bow down to him, contrasting or supplementing Joseph's dream.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Psalms 76:10thematic

God overrules their murderous plot, showing how the wrath of man shall praise Him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Genesis 42:21thematic

The brothers later recall Joseph's anguish of soul when he pleaded with them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Psalms 76:10thematic

God overrules the wrath of Joseph's brothers to accomplish His ultimate purposes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Matthew 26:15typology

Joseph sold by Judah/Judas for pieces of silver, typifying Christ's betrayal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Genesis 44:28thematic

Jacob later restates his belief that Joseph was torn to pieces.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v35Genesis 42:38thematic

Jacob's deep grief and refusal to be comforted, fearing he will go down to Sheol.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v2Genesis 6:9thematic

Illustrates the use of 'generations' (toledot) to mean the history/occurrences of a family.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Luke 2:51thematic

Like Mary, Jacob 'kept' or 'observed' these sayings in his heart, recognizing divine revelation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Parallel where David is sent by his father to visit his brothers, facing their anger.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Luke 20:13typology

Parallel to the Parable of the Vineyard: 'I will send my beloved son.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v20Genesis 37:33fulfillment

The lie told to Jacob in verse 20 is fully realized and believed in verse 33.

Supported by John Calvin

v25Genesis 43:11thematic

The very spices the Ishmaelites carried are later sent by Jacob to Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Genesis 40:15thematic

Joseph's own testimony that he was stolen away from the land of the Hebrews.

v30Jeremiah 31:15thematic

'The child is not' echoed in Rachel's weeping for her children because they are not.

v32Genesis 38:25contrast

Judah is later confronted with 'discern whose are these' just as they mocked Jacob.

Supported by John Calvin

v11Proverbs 27:4thematic

Perfect proverb matching the brothers' reaction: 'who is able to stand before envy?'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v25Esther 3:15thematic

Sitting down to eat after a cruel conspiracy matches Haman and the king's indifference.

v27Genesis 29:14thematic

Judah uses the phrase 'our brother and our flesh' denoting covenant family bonds.