Genesis43
King James Version · Public Domain
1And the famine was sore in the land.
2And it came to pass, when they had eaten up the corn which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said unto them, Go again, buy us a little food.
3And Judah spake unto him, saying, The man did solemnly protest unto us, saying, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.
4If thou wilt send our brother with us, we will go down and buy thee food:
5But if thou wilt not send him, we will not go down: for the man said unto us, Ye shall not see my face, except your brother be with you.
6And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother?
7And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive? have ye another brother? and we told him according to the tenor of these words: could we certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down?
8And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.
9I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him: if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever:
10For except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second time.
11And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices, and myrrh, nuts, and almonds:
12And take double money in your hand; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand; peradventure it was an oversight:
13Take also your brother, and arise, go again unto the man:
14And God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may send away your other brother, and Benjamin. If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.
15And the men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and rose up, and went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.
16And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the ruler of his house, Bring these men home, and slay, and make ready; for these men shall dine with me at noon.
17And the man did as Joseph bade; and the man brought the men into Joseph's house.
18And the men were afraid, because they were brought into Joseph's house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses.
19And they came near to the steward of Joseph's house, and they communed with him at the door of the house,
20And said, O sir, we came indeed down at the first time to buy food:
21And it came to pass, when we came to the inn, that we opened our sacks, and, behold, every man's money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight: and we have brought it again in our hand.
22And other money have we brought down in our hands to buy food: we cannot tell who put our money in our sacks.
23And he said, Peace be to you, fear not: your God, and the God of your father, hath given you treasure in your sacks: I had your money. And he brought Simeon out unto them.
24And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.
25And they made ready the present against Joseph came at noon: for they heard that they should eat bread there.
26And when Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves to him to the earth.
27And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?
28And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance.
29And he lifted up his eyes, and saw his brother Benjamin, his mother's son, and said, Is this your younger brother, of whom ye spake unto me? And he said, God be gracious unto thee, my son.
30And Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother: and he sought where to weep; and he entered into his chamber, and wept there.
31And he washed his face, and went out, and refrained himself, and said, Set on bread.
32And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that is an abomination unto the Egyptians.
33And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth: and the men marvelled one at another.
34And he took and sent messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin's mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 43.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin into Egypt. (1–14). Joseph's reception of his brethren, their fears. (15–25). Joseph makes a feast for his brethren. (26–34).
vv1-14
Jacob urges his sons to go and buy a little food; now, in time of dearth, a little must suffice. Judah urges that Benjamin should go with them. It is not against the honour and duty children owe their parents, humbly to advise them, and when needful, to reason with them. Jacob saw the necessity of the case, and yielded. His prudence and justice appeared in three things. 1. He sent back the money they had found in the sack. Honesty obliges us to restore not only that which comes to us by our own fault, but that which comes to us by the mistakes of others. Though we get it by oversight, if we keep it when the oversight is discovered, it is kept by deceit. 2. He sent as much again as they took the time before; the price of corn might be risen, or they might have to pay a ransom for Simeon. 3. He sent a present of such things as the land afforded, and as were scarce in Egypt, balm, and honey, etc. Providence dispenses not its gifts to all alike. But honey and spice will never make up the want of bread-corn. The famine was sore in Canaan, yet they had balm and myrrh, etc. We may live well enough upon plain food, without dainties; but we cannot live upon dainties without plain food. Let us thank God that what is most needful and useful, generally is most cheap and common. Though men value very highly their gold and silver, and the luxuries which are counted the best fruits of every land, yet in a time of famine they willingly barter them for bread. And how little will earthly good things stand us in stead in the day of wrath! How ready should we be to renounce them all, as loss, for the excellency of the knowledge of Jesus Christ! Our way to prevail with man is by first prevailing with the Lord in fervent prayer. But, Thy will be done, should close every petition for the mercies of this life, or against the afflictions of this life.
vv15-25
Jacob's sons went down the second time into Egypt to buy corn. If we should ever know what a famine of the word means, let us not think it much to travel as far for spiritual food, as they did for bodily food. Joseph's steward had orders from his master to take them to his house. Even this frightened them. Those that are guilty make the worst of every thing. But the steward encouraged them. It appears, from what he said, that by his good master he was brought to the knowledge of the true God, the God of the Hebrews. Religious servants should take all fit occasions to speak of God and his providence, with reverence and seriousness.
vv26-34
Observe the great respect Joseph's brethren paid to him. Thus were Joseph's dreams more and more fulfilled. Joseph showed great kindness to them. He treated them nobly; but see here the early distance between Jews and gentiles. In a day of famine, it is enough to be fed; but they were feasted. Their cares and fears were now over, and they ate their bread with joy, reckoning they were upon good terms with the lord of the land. If God accept our works, our present, we have reason to be cheerful. Joseph showed special regard for Benjamin, that he might try whether his brethren would envy him. It must be our rule, to be content with what we have, and not to grieve at what others have. Thus Jesus shows those whom he loves, more and more of their need. He makes them see that he is their only refuge from destruction. He overcomes their unwillingness, and brings them to himself. Then, as he sees good, he gives them some taste of his love, and welcomes them to the provisions of his house, as an earnest of what he further intends for them.
Key Words
רָעָב: hunger (more or less extensive)
כָּבֵד: heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
כָּלָה: to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)
שֶׁבֶר: grain (as if broken into kernels)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
Cross References
Genesis 43Lists identical commodities (balm, spices, myrrh) carried by Ishmeelite traders from Gilead.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct fulfillment of Joseph's prophetic dreams as his brothers bow down before him in his house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The brothers make obeisance, fulfilling Joseph's early dreams of their sheaves bowing to his.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's banishment from the king's presence uses the exact idiomatic warning: "let him not see my face."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Judah directly references his surety pledge to his father in his final plea to Joseph.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Esther's formula of resignation ("if I perish, I perish") echoes Jacob's "if I be bereaved, I am bereaved."
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of intense brotherly/motherly compassion: 'bowels did yearn' (or yearn upon them).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why eating with Hebrews was an abomination, noting Egyptian cultural prejudice against shepherds.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's initial refusal to let Benjamin go, which is here overcome by starvation.
Supported by JFB
Judah acts as a surety for Benjamin, typifying Jesus as the surety of a better covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Illustrates the wisdom of pacifying anger through a gift, a strategy Jacob previously used with Esau.
Supported by JFB
Jacob's parallel strategy of sending a present to appease an offended authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The initial discovery of the money returned in their sacks that caused their fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the brothers' original terrifying discovery of the money returned in their sacks.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Joseph's struggle to control his deep emotions before finally revealing himself to his brothers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jacob repeating the command to go down and buy food to survive.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The brothers' earlier testimony regarding their family structure that prompted Joseph's demand.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob invokes the covenant name 'God Almighty' (El Shaddai), first revealed to Abraham here.
Supported by John Calvin
An earlier example of slaughtering animals for a solemn covenant feast.
Supported by JFB
Their initial terror in the way when they found the money, now intensified at Joseph's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the seating of honored guests in a special place of dignity during a banquet.
Supported by JFB
Further illustrates things associated with the Hebrews that were considered an abomination to Egyptians.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ancient custom of sending a special, larger mess of food to honor a preferred guest.
Supported by JFB
Reiteration of Joseph's solemn warning regarding the presence of Benjamin.
Supported by John Calvin
References Jacob's explicit instruction to return the oversight money in full weight.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Standard Oriental custom of hospitality: providing water for guests to wash their feet.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights early Egyptian boundaries regarding food, as Potiphar left all save his own bread to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
Joseph's continued favoritism toward Benjamin to test his brothers' jealousy, giving him greater gifts.
Supported by Matthew Henry