Nehemiah5
New King James Version
1And there was a great outcry of the people and their wives against their Jewish brethren.
2For there were those who said, “We, our sons, and our daughters are many; therefore let us get grain, that we may eat and live.”
3There were also some who said, “We have mortgaged our lands and vineyards and houses, that we might buy grain because of the famine.”
4There were also those who said, “We have borrowed money for the king’s tax on our lands and vineyards.
5Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as their children; and indeed we are forcing our sons and our daughters to be slaves, and some of our daughters have been brought into slavery. It is not in our power to redeem them, for other men have our lands and vineyards.”
6And I became very angry when I heard their outcry and these words.
7After serious thought, I rebuked the nobles and rulers, and said to them, “Each of you is exacting usury from his brother.” So I called a great assembly against them.
8And I said to them, “According to our ability we have redeemed our Jewish brethren who were sold to the nations. Now indeed, will you even sell your brethren? Or should they be sold to us?” Then they were silenced and found nothing to say.
9Then I said, “What you are doing is not good. Should you not walk in the fear of our God because of the reproach of the nations, our enemies?
10I also, with my brethren and my servants, am lending them money and grain. Please, let us stop this usury!
11Restore now to them, even this day, their lands, their vineyards, their olive groves, and their houses, also a hundredth of the money and the grain, the new wine and the oil, that you have charged them.”
12So they said, “We will restore it, and will require nothing from them; we will do as you say.” Then I called the priests, and required an oath from them that they would do according to this promise.
13Then I shook out the fold of my garment and said, “So may God shake out each man from his house, and from his property, who does not perform this promise. Even thus may he be shaken out and emptied.” And all the assembly said, “Amen!” and praised the Lord. Then the people did according to this promise.
14Moreover, from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year until the thirty-second year of King Artaxerxes, twelve years, neither I nor my brothers ate the governor’s provisions.
15But the former governors who were before me laid burdens on the people, and took from them bread and wine, besides forty shekels of silver. Yes, even their servants bore rule over the people, but I did not do so, because of the fear of God.
16Indeed, I also continued the work on this wall, and we did not buy any land. All my servants were gathered there for the work.
17And at my table were one hundred and fifty Jews and rulers, besides those who came to us from the nations around us.
18Now that which was prepared daily was one ox and six choice sheep. Also fowl were prepared for me, and once every ten days an abundance of all kinds of wine. Yet in spite of this I did not demand the governor’s provisions, because the bondage was heavy on this people.
19Remember me, my God, for good, according to all that I have done for this people.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Jews complain of grievances. (1–5). Nehemiah redresses the grievances. (6–13). Nehemiah's forbearance. (14–19).
vv1-5
Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppressed, we should lament the hardships which many in the world are groaning under; putting our souls into their souls' stead, and remembering in our prayers and succours those who are burdened. But let those who show no mercy, expect judgment without mercy.
vv6-13
Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the worldliness and hard-heartedness of the professors of it. Those that rigorously insist upon their right, with a very ill grace try to persuade others to give up theirs. In reasoning with selfish people, it is good to contrast their conduct with that of others who are liberal; but it is best to point to His example, who though he was rich, yet for our sakes became poor, that we, through his poverty, might be rich, 2Co 8:9. They did according to promise. Good promises are good things, but good performances are better.
vv14-19
Those who truly fear God, will not dare to do any thing cruel or unjust. Let all who are in public places remember that they are so placed to do good, not to enrich themselves. Nehemiah mentions it to God in prayer, not as if he had merited any favour from God, but to show that he depended upon God only, to make up to him what he had lost and laid out for his honour. Nehemiah evidently spake and acted as one that knew himself to be a sinner. He did not mean to claim a reward as of debt, but in the manner that the Lord rewards a cup of cold water given to a disciple for his sake. The fear and love of God in the heart, and true love of the brethren, will lead to every good work. These are proper evidences of justifying faith; and our reconciled God will look upon persons of this character for good, according to all they have done for his people.
Key Words
גָּדוֹל: great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
צַעֲקָה: a shriek
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אִשָּׁה: a woman
יְהוּדִי: a Jehudite (i.e. Judaite or Jew), or descendant of Jehudah (i.e. Judah)
אָח: a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))
יֵשׁ: there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
Cross References
Nehemiah 5Directly violates the Mosaic prohibition against charging interest (usury) to a brother Jew.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law governing assistance to impoverished brothers without taking usury or profit.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal allowance and regulations concerning selling daughters into bondage due to extreme poverty.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law prescribing the redemption of poor brethren who have sold themselves to foreigners.
Supported by JFB
Ezra similarly administers a solemn oath to the priests to ensure compliance with a public reformation.
Supported by JFB
Paul performs a similar symbolic gesture of shaking his garments as a sign of judgment.
Supported by JFB
Paul, like Nehemiah, declined his legitimate right to financial support to avoid hindering his work.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Commandment to open the hand wide and not be hard-hearted toward a poor brother.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph likewise demonstrates that the fear of God governs his just conduct toward others.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel description of daily provision showing the scale of a ruler's household hospitality.
Supported by JFB
Nehemiah's repeated prayer for God to remember his deeds of mercy and service.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicit mention of the heavy Persian tribute that forced the people to borrow money.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Biblical use of 'not good' as a strong understatement for something deeply wicked.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reflects the economic reality that increased goods bring an increased number of consumers.
Supported by JFB