Leviticus 25NKJV
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Leviticus25

New King James Version

1And the Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, saying,

2“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land which I give you, then the land shall keep a sabbath to the Lord.

3Six years you shall sow your field, and six years you shall prune your vineyard, and gather its fruit;

4but in the seventh year there shall be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a sabbath to the Lord. You shall neither sow your field nor prune your vineyard.

5What grows of its own accord of your harvest you shall not reap, nor gather the grapes of your untended vine, for it is a year of rest for the land.

6And the sabbath produce of the land shall be food for you: for you, your male and female servants, your hired man, and the stranger who dwells with you,

7for your livestock and the beasts that are in your land—all its produce shall be for food.

8‘And you shall count seven sabbaths of years for yourself, seven times seven years; and the time of the seven sabbaths of years shall be to you forty-nine years.

9Then you shall cause the trumpet of the Jubilee to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement you shall make the trumpet to sound throughout all your land.

10And you shall consecrate the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a Jubilee for you; and each of you shall return to his possession, and each of you shall return to his family.

11That fiftieth year shall be a Jubilee to you; in it you shall neither sow nor reap what grows of its own accord, nor gather the grapes of your untended vine.

12For it is the Jubilee; it shall be holy to you; you shall eat its produce from the field.

13‘In this Year of Jubilee, each of you shall return to his possession.

14And if you sell anything to your neighbor or buy from your neighbor’s hand, you shall not oppress one another.

15According to the number of years after the Jubilee you shall buy from your neighbor, and according to the number of years of crops he shall sell to you.

16According to the multitude of years you shall increase its price, and according to the fewer number of years you shall diminish its price; for he sells to you according to the number of the years of the crops.

17Therefore you shall not oppress one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am the Lord your God.

18‘So you shall observe My statutes and keep My judgments, and perform them; and you will dwell in the land in safety.

19Then the land will yield its fruit, and you will eat your fill, and dwell there in safety.

20‘And if you say, “What shall we eat in the seventh year, since we shall not sow nor gather in our produce?”

21Then I will command My blessing on you in the sixth year, and it will bring forth produce enough for three years.

22And you shall sow in the eighth year, and eat old produce until the ninth year; until its produce comes in, you shall eat of the old harvest.

23‘The land shall not be sold permanently, for the land is Mine; for you are strangers and sojourners with Me.

24And in all the land of your possession you shall grant redemption of the land.

25‘If one of your brethren becomes poor, and has sold some of his possession, and if his redeeming relative comes to redeem it, then he may redeem what his brother sold.

26Or if the man has no one to redeem it, but he himself becomes able to redeem it,

27then let him count the years since its sale, and restore the remainder to the man to whom he sold it, that he may return to his possession.

28But if he is not able to have it restored to himself, then what was sold shall remain in the hand of him who bought it until the Year of Jubilee; and in the Jubilee it shall be released, and he shall return to his possession.

29‘If a man sells a house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold; within a full year he may redeem it.

30But if it is not redeemed within the space of a full year, then the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to him who bought it, throughout his generations. It shall not be released in the Jubilee.

31However the houses of villages which have no wall around them shall be counted as the fields of the country. They may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee.

32Nevertheless the cities of the Levites, and the houses in the cities of their possession, the Levites may redeem at any time.

33And if a man purchases a house from the Levites, then the house that was sold in the city of his possession shall be released in the Jubilee; for the houses in the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel.

34But the field of the common-land of their cities may not be sold, for it is their perpetual possession.

35‘If one of your brethren becomes poor, and falls into poverty among you, then you shall help him, like a stranger or a sojourner, that he may live with you.

36Take no usury or interest from him; but fear your God, that your brother may live with you.

37You shall not lend him your money for usury, nor lend him your food at a profit.

38I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God.

39‘And if one of your brethren who dwells by you becomes poor, and sells himself to you, you shall not compel him to serve as a slave.

40As a hired servant and a sojourner he shall be with you, and shall serve you until the Year of Jubilee.

41And then he shall depart from you—he and his children with him—and shall return to his own family. He shall return to the possession of his fathers.

42For they are My servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt; they shall not be sold as slaves.

43You shall not rule over him with rigor, but you shall fear your God.

44And as for your male and female slaves whom you may have—from the nations that are around you, from them you may buy male and female slaves.

45Moreover you may buy the children of the strangers who dwell among you, and their families who are with you, which they beget in your land; and they shall become your property.

46And you may take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them as a possession; they shall be your permanent slaves. But regarding your brethren, the children of Israel, you shall not rule over one another with rigor.

47‘Now if a sojourner or stranger close to you becomes rich, and one of your brethren who dwells by him becomes poor, and sells himself to the stranger or sojourner close to you, or to a member of the stranger’s family,

48after he is sold he may be redeemed again. One of his brothers may redeem him;

49or his uncle or his uncle’s son may redeem him; or anyone who is near of kin to him in his family may redeem him; or if he is able he may redeem himself.

50Thus he shall reckon with him who bought him: The price of his release shall be according to the number of years, from the year that he was sold to him until the Year of Jubilee; it shall be according to the time of a hired servant for him.

51If there are still many years remaining, according to them he shall repay the price of his redemption from the money with which he was bought.

52And if there remain but a few years until the Year of Jubilee, then he shall reckon with him, and according to his years he shall repay him the price of his redemption.

53He shall be with him as a yearly hired servant, and he shall not rule with rigor over him in your sight.

54And if he is not redeemed in these years, then he shall be released in the Year of Jubilee—he and his children with him.

55For the children of Israel are servants to Me; they are My servants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 25.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sabbath of rest for the land in the seventh year. (1–7). The jubilee of the fiftieth year, Oppression forbidden. (8–22). Redemption of the land and houses. (23–34). Compassion towards the poor. (35–38). Laws respecting bondmen, Oppression forbidden. (39–55).

vv1-7

All labour was to cease in the seventh year, as much as daily labour on the seventh day. These statues tell us to beware of covetousness, for a man's life consists not in the abundance of his possessions. We are to exercise willing dependence on God's providence for our support; to consider ourselves the Lord's tenants or stewards, and to use our possessions accordingly. This year of rest typified the spiritual rest which all believers enter into through Christ. Through Him we are eased of the burden of wordly care and labour, both being sanctified and sweetened to us; and we are enabled and encouraged to live by faith.

vv8-22

The word “jubilee” signifies a peculiarly animated sound of the silver trumpets. This sound was to be made on the evening of the great day of atonement; for the proclamation of gospel liberty and salvation results from the sacrifice of the Redeemer. It was provided that the lands should not be sold away from their families. They could only be disposed of, as it were, by leases till the year of jubilee, and then returned to the owner or his heir. This tended to preserve their tribes and families distinct, till the coming of the Messiah. The liberty every man was born to, if sold or forfeited, should return at the year of jubilee. This was typical of redemption by Christ from the slavery of sin and Satan, and of being brought again to the liberty of the children of God. All bargains ought to be made by this rule, “Ye shall not oppress one another,” not take advantage of one another's ignorance or necessity, “but thou shalt fear thy God.” The fear of God reigning in the heart, would restrain from doing wrong to our neighbour in word or deed. Assurance was given that they should be great gainers, by observing these years of rest. If we are careful to do our duty, we may trust God with our comfort. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all neither sowed or reaped. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all God's people, in all ages, to trust him in the way of duty. There is nothing lost by faith and self-denial in obedience. Some asked, What shall we eat the seventh year? Thus many Christians anticipate evils, questioning what they shall do, and fearing to proceed in the way of duty. But we have no right to anticipate evils, so as to distress ourselves about them. To carnal minds we may appear to act absurdly, but the path of duty is ever the path of safety.

vv23-34

If the land were not redeemed before the year of jubilee, it then returned to him that sold or mortgaged it. This was a figure of the free grace of God in Christ; by which, and not by any price or merit of our own, we are restored to the favour of God. Houses in walled cities were more the fruits of their own industry than land in the country, which was the direct gift of God's bounty; therefore if a man sold a house in a city, he might redeem it only within a year after the sale. This encouraged strangers and proselytes to come and settle among them.

Cross References

Leviticus 25
v10Isaiah 61:1-3typology

The proclamation of liberty in the Jubilee typifies Christ's proclamation of spiritual liberty and gospel redemption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v222 Kings 19:29thematic

Sowing the eighth year and eating old fruit has a historical parallel in Sennacherib's invasion sign.

Supported by JFB

Warns of exile so the land can enjoy the sabbaths it was denied during Israel's disobedience.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Exodus 23:10-11thematic

The foundational Covenant Code law establishing the seventh-year fallow for the land and the poor.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v202 Kings 19:29thematic

Historical example of God providing spontaneous, miraculous crops for consecutive years during a crisis.

Supported by JFB

v20Matthew 6:25-34thematic

Christ's exhortation against anxious care echoes the trust required for the sabbatical year's provision.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel prohibiting taking usury or increase from a poor brother.

Supported by John Calvin

Since believers are bought with a price, they belong to God and must not be sold as slaves.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v43Colossians 4:1thematic

Masters must give servants what is just and equal, remembering they too have a Master in heaven.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42 Chronicles 36:21fulfillment

The Babylonian exile explicitly fulfills the land's need to rest and keep its missed sabbaths.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Leviticus 23:27thematic

The Day of Atonement is the specific holy day when the Jubilee trumpet is sounded.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Luke 4:16-21fulfillment

Jesus reads Isaiah 61 and declares the ultimate fulfillment of the Jubilee's release.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Isaiah 37:30thematic

Parallel promise of eating spontaneous growth during years without sowing or reaping.

Supported by JFB

God's explicit answer to the question in verse 20, promising a threefold harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Kings 21:3thematic

Naboth's refusal to sell his inheritance reflects the divine law that the land is God's.

Supported by Matthew Poole

David confesses that Israel are strangers and sojourners before God, matching the land ownership law.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Numbers 35:2-8thematic

Defines the cities and suburbs of the Levites, which had distinct redemption rules.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v39Colossians 4:1thematic

New Testament parallel instructing masters to give servants what is just and equal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel concerning the release and treatment of Hebrew servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41John 8:32typology

The restoration of liberty in the Jubilee typified spiritual freedom and redemption through Christ's truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v48Hebrews 2:11-13thematic

Christ became our near kinsman (Goel) to redeem us from bondage, acting as the ultimate redeemer.

v49Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Illustrates the active practice of the right of kinsman redemption (Goel) within Israel's land and family laws.

v10Leviticus 25:23thematic

Explains why land returns in the Jubilee: the land belongs to God; Israel is tenants.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Ezekiel 46:17thematic

Prophetic reference to the 'year of liberty' where land gifts return to their original owners.

Supported by John Calvin

God's severe judgment on Israel for failing to release Hebrew slaves in accordance with the law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Leviticus 25:14thematic

Repeats the strict prohibition against oppressing one another in trade, grounded in fear of God.

Supported by JFB

v23Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational jubilee proclamation of liberty and return to family possessions.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Psalms 39:12thematic

The Psalmist echoes that he is a stranger and sojourner on God's earth.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v36Nehemiah 5:7-10thematic

Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for taking usury from their impoverished brethren.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational decree of Jubilee requiring every man to return to his family and possession.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v43Exodus 1:13contrast

Contrasts the forbidden 'rigour' among Hebrew brethren with Egypt's harsh oppression of Israel.

v48Leviticus 25:25thematic

The law of kinsman redemption applied specifically to the recovery of lost or sold property.

v48Nehemiah 5:8thematic

Nehemiah instances this law, noting effort made to redeem Jewish brethren sold to heathens.

v9Romans 10:18allusion

Applies the sounding of the trumpet globally to the preaching of the gospel message.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Leviticus 26:10thematic

Promise of clearing out old store to make room for new harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Jeremiah purchases the field of his uncle's son, exercising the right of redemption.

Supported by Matthew Poole