Leviticus 25NASB
Books
All books

Leviticus25

New American Standard

1The Lord then spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, saying,

2“Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you come into the land which I am going to give you, then the land shall have a Sabbath to the Lord.

3For six years you shall sow your field, and for six years you shall prune your vineyard and gather in its produce,

4but during the seventh year the land shall have a Sabbath rest, a Sabbath to the Lord; you shall not sow your field nor prune your vineyard.

5You shall not reap your harvest’s aftergrowth, and you shall not gather your grapes of untrimmed vines; the land shall have a sabbatical year.

6All of you shall have the Sabbath produce of the land as food; for yourself, your male and female slaves, and your hired worker and your foreign resident, those who live as strangers among you.

7Even your cattle and the animals that are in your land shall have all its produce to eat.

8‘You are also to count off seven Sabbaths of years for yourself, seven times seven years, so that you have the time of the seven Sabbaths of years, that is, forty-nine years.

9You shall then sound a ram’s horn abroad on the tenth day of the seventh month; on the Day of Atonement you shall sound a horn all through your land.

10So you shall consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim a release throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee for you, and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family.

11You shall have the fiftieth year as a jubilee; you shall not sow, nor harvest its aftergrowth, nor gather grapes from its untrimmed vines.

12For it is a jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You shall eat its produce from the field.

13‘On this year of jubilee each of you shall return to his own property.

14Furthermore, if you make a sale to your friend, or buy from your friend’s hand, you shall not wrong one another.

15Corresponding to the number of years after the jubilee, you shall buy from your friend; he is to sell to you according to the number of years of crops.

16In proportion to a greater number of years you shall increase its price, and in proportion to fewer years you shall decrease its price, because it is the number of crops that he is selling to you.

17So you shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am the Lord your God.

18‘You shall therefore follow My statutes and keep My judgments so as to carry them out, so that you may live securely on the land.

19Then the land will yield its produce, so that you can eat your fill and live securely on it.

20But if you say, “What are we going to eat in the seventh year if we do not sow nor gather in our produce?”

21then I will so order My blessing for you in the sixth year that it will bring forth the produce for three years.

22When you are sowing the eighth year, you can still eat old things from the produce, eating the old until the ninth year when its produce comes in.

23‘The land, moreover, shall not be sold permanently, because the land is Mine; for you are only strangers and residents with Me.

24So for every piece of your property, you are to provide for the redemption of the land.

25‘If a fellow countryman of yours becomes so poor that he sells part of his property, then his closest redeemer is to come and buy back what his relative has sold.

26Or in case someone has no redeemer, but recovers to find sufficient means for its redemption,

27then he shall calculate the years since its sale and refund the balance to the man to whom he sold it, and so return to his property.

28But if he has not found sufficient means to get it back for himself, then what he has sold shall remain in the hands of its purchaser until the year of jubilee; but at the jubilee it shall revert, so that he may return to his property.

29‘Likewise, if a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, then his redemption right remains valid until a full year after its sale; his right of redemption lasts a full year.

30But if it is not bought back for him within the space of a full year, then the house that is in the walled city passes permanently to its purchaser throughout his generations; it does not revert in the jubilee.

31The houses of the villages, however, which have no surrounding wall, shall be regarded as open fields; they have redemption rights and revert in the jubilee.

32As for the cities of the Levites, the Levites have a permanent right of redemption for the houses of the cities which are their possession.

33What, therefore, belongs to the Levites may be redeemed, and a house sale in the city of this possession reverts in the jubilee, because the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the sons of Israel.

34But pasture fields of their cities shall not be sold, for that is their permanent possession.

35‘Now in case a countryman of yours becomes poor and his means among you falter, then you are to sustain him, like a stranger or a resident, so that he may live with you.

36Do not take any kind of interest from him, but fear your God, so that your countryman may live with you.

37You shall not give him your silver at interest, nor your food for profit.

38I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan, and to be your God.

39‘Now if a countryman of yours becomes so poor with regard to you that he sells himself to you, you shall not subject him to a slave’s service.

40He shall be with you as a hired worker, as if he were a foreign resident; he shall serve with you up to the year of jubilee.

41He shall then leave you, he and his sons with him, and shall go back to his family, so that he may return to the property of his forefathers.

42For they are My servants whom I brought out from the land of Egypt; they are not to be sold in a slave sale.

43You shall not rule over him with severity, but are to revere your God.

44As for your male and female slaves whom you may have—you may acquire male and female slaves from the pagan nations that are around you.

45You may also acquire them from the sons of the foreign residents who reside among you, and from their families who are with you, whom they will have produced in your land; they also may become your possession.

46You may also pass them on as an inheritance to your sons after you, to receive as a possession; you can use them as permanent slaves. But in respect to your countrymen, the sons of Israel, you shall not rule with severity over one another.

47‘Now if the means of a stranger or of a foreign resident with you becomes sufficient, and a countryman of yours becomes poor in relation to him and sells himself to a stranger who is residing with you, or to the descendants of a stranger’s family,

48then he shall have redemption right after he has been sold. One of his brothers may redeem him,

49or his uncle, or his uncle’s son may redeem him, or one of his blood relatives from his family may redeem him; or if he prospers, he may redeem himself.

50He then, with his purchaser, shall calculate from the year when he sold himself to him up to the year of jubilee; and the price of his sale shall correspond to the number of years calculated. It is like the days of a hired worker that he will be with him.

51If there are still many years remaining, he shall refund part of his purchase price in proportion to them for his own redemption;

52but if few years remain until the year of jubilee, he shall so calculate with him. In proportion to his years he is to refund the amount for his redemption.

53He shall be with him like a worker hired year by year; he shall not rule over him with severity in your sight.

54Even if he is not redeemed by these means, he shall still leave in the year of jubilee, he and his sons with him.

55For the sons of Israel are My servants; they are My servants whom I brought out from the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 25.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sabbath of rest for the land in the seventh year. (1–7). The jubilee of the fiftieth year, Oppression forbidden. (8–22). Redemption of the land and houses. (23–34). Compassion towards the poor. (35–38). Laws respecting bondmen, Oppression forbidden. (39–55).

vv1-7

All labour was to cease in the seventh year, as much as daily labour on the seventh day. These statues tell us to beware of covetousness, for a man's life consists not in the abundance of his possessions. We are to exercise willing dependence on God's providence for our support; to consider ourselves the Lord's tenants or stewards, and to use our possessions accordingly. This year of rest typified the spiritual rest which all believers enter into through Christ. Through Him we are eased of the burden of wordly care and labour, both being sanctified and sweetened to us; and we are enabled and encouraged to live by faith.

vv8-22

The word “jubilee” signifies a peculiarly animated sound of the silver trumpets. This sound was to be made on the evening of the great day of atonement; for the proclamation of gospel liberty and salvation results from the sacrifice of the Redeemer. It was provided that the lands should not be sold away from their families. They could only be disposed of, as it were, by leases till the year of jubilee, and then returned to the owner or his heir. This tended to preserve their tribes and families distinct, till the coming of the Messiah. The liberty every man was born to, if sold or forfeited, should return at the year of jubilee. This was typical of redemption by Christ from the slavery of sin and Satan, and of being brought again to the liberty of the children of God. All bargains ought to be made by this rule, “Ye shall not oppress one another,” not take advantage of one another's ignorance or necessity, “but thou shalt fear thy God.” The fear of God reigning in the heart, would restrain from doing wrong to our neighbour in word or deed. Assurance was given that they should be great gainers, by observing these years of rest. If we are careful to do our duty, we may trust God with our comfort. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all neither sowed or reaped. This was a miracle for an encouragement to all God's people, in all ages, to trust him in the way of duty. There is nothing lost by faith and self-denial in obedience. Some asked, What shall we eat the seventh year? Thus many Christians anticipate evils, questioning what they shall do, and fearing to proceed in the way of duty. But we have no right to anticipate evils, so as to distress ourselves about them. To carnal minds we may appear to act absurdly, but the path of duty is ever the path of safety.

vv23-34

If the land were not redeemed before the year of jubilee, it then returned to him that sold or mortgaged it. This was a figure of the free grace of God in Christ; by which, and not by any price or merit of our own, we are restored to the favour of God. Houses in walled cities were more the fruits of their own industry than land in the country, which was the direct gift of God's bounty; therefore if a man sold a house in a city, he might redeem it only within a year after the sale. This encouraged strangers and proselytes to come and settle among them.

Cross References

Leviticus 25
v10Isaiah 61:1-3typology

The proclamation of liberty in the Jubilee typifies Christ's proclamation of spiritual liberty and gospel redemption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v222 Kings 19:29thematic

Sowing the eighth year and eating old fruit has a historical parallel in Sennacherib's invasion sign.

Supported by JFB

Warns of exile so the land can enjoy the sabbaths it was denied during Israel's disobedience.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Exodus 23:10-11thematic

The foundational Covenant Code law establishing the seventh-year fallow for the land and the poor.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v202 Kings 19:29thematic

Historical example of God providing spontaneous, miraculous crops for consecutive years during a crisis.

Supported by JFB

v20Matthew 6:25-34thematic

Christ's exhortation against anxious care echoes the trust required for the sabbatical year's provision.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel prohibiting taking usury or increase from a poor brother.

Supported by John Calvin

Since believers are bought with a price, they belong to God and must not be sold as slaves.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v43Colossians 4:1thematic

Masters must give servants what is just and equal, remembering they too have a Master in heaven.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42 Chronicles 36:21fulfillment

The Babylonian exile explicitly fulfills the land's need to rest and keep its missed sabbaths.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Leviticus 23:27thematic

The Day of Atonement is the specific holy day when the Jubilee trumpet is sounded.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Luke 4:16-21fulfillment

Jesus reads Isaiah 61 and declares the ultimate fulfillment of the Jubilee's release.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Isaiah 37:30thematic

Parallel promise of eating spontaneous growth during years without sowing or reaping.

Supported by JFB

God's explicit answer to the question in verse 20, promising a threefold harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v231 Kings 21:3thematic

Naboth's refusal to sell his inheritance reflects the divine law that the land is God's.

Supported by Matthew Poole

David confesses that Israel are strangers and sojourners before God, matching the land ownership law.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v32Numbers 35:2-8thematic

Defines the cities and suburbs of the Levites, which had distinct redemption rules.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v39Colossians 4:1thematic

New Testament parallel instructing masters to give servants what is just and equal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy parallel concerning the release and treatment of Hebrew servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41John 8:32typology

The restoration of liberty in the Jubilee typified spiritual freedom and redemption through Christ's truth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v48Hebrews 2:11-13thematic

Christ became our near kinsman (Goel) to redeem us from bondage, acting as the ultimate redeemer.

v49Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Illustrates the active practice of the right of kinsman redemption (Goel) within Israel's land and family laws.

v10Leviticus 25:23thematic

Explains why land returns in the Jubilee: the land belongs to God; Israel is tenants.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Ezekiel 46:17thematic

Prophetic reference to the 'year of liberty' where land gifts return to their original owners.

Supported by John Calvin

God's severe judgment on Israel for failing to release Hebrew slaves in accordance with the law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Leviticus 25:14thematic

Repeats the strict prohibition against oppressing one another in trade, grounded in fear of God.

Supported by JFB

v23Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational jubilee proclamation of liberty and return to family possessions.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v23Psalms 39:12thematic

The Psalmist echoes that he is a stranger and sojourner on God's earth.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v36Nehemiah 5:7-10thematic

Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for taking usury from their impoverished brethren.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Leviticus 25:10thematic

The foundational decree of Jubilee requiring every man to return to his family and possession.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v43Exodus 1:13contrast

Contrasts the forbidden 'rigour' among Hebrew brethren with Egypt's harsh oppression of Israel.

v48Leviticus 25:25thematic

The law of kinsman redemption applied specifically to the recovery of lost or sold property.

v48Nehemiah 5:8thematic

Nehemiah instances this law, noting effort made to redeem Jewish brethren sold to heathens.

v9Romans 10:18allusion

Applies the sounding of the trumpet globally to the preaching of the gospel message.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Leviticus 26:10thematic

Promise of clearing out old store to make room for new harvest.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Jeremiah 32:7thematic

Jeremiah purchases the field of his uncle's son, exercising the right of redemption.

Supported by Matthew Poole