1 Kings 21NASB
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1 Kings21

New American Standard

1Now it came about after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard which was in Jezreel beside the palace of Ahab, the king of Samaria.

2And Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, “Give me your vineyard so that I may have it for a vegetable garden, because it is close beside my house, and I will give you a better vineyard in place of it; if you prefer, I will give you what it is worth in money.”

3But Naboth said to Ahab, “The Lord forbid me that I would give you the inheritance of my fathers!”

4So Ahab entered his house sullen and furious because of the answer that Naboth the Jezreelite had given to him, since he said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he lay down on his bed and turned his face away, and ate no food.

5But Jezebel his wife came to him and said to him, “How is it that your spirit is so sullen that you are not eating food?”

6So he said to her, “It is because I was speaking to Naboth the Jezreelite and saying to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money; or else, if it pleases you, I will give you a vineyard in place of it.’ But he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’”

7Jezebel his wife said to him, “Do you now reign over Israel? Arise, eat bread, and let your heart be joyful; I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”

8So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city.

9Now she had written in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people;

10and seat two worthless men opposite him, and have them testify against him, saying, ‘You cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

11So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did just as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them.

12They proclaimed a fast, and seated Naboth at the head of the people.

13Then the two worthless men came in and sat opposite him; and the worthless men testified against him, against Naboth, before the people, saying, “Naboth cursed God and the king.” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death with stones.

14Then they sent word to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned and is dead.”

15And when Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and was dead, Jezebel said to Ahab, “Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezreelite, which he refused to give you for money; for Naboth is not alive, but dead.”

16When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, Ahab got up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it.

17Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,

18“Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who is in Samaria; behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone down to take possession of it.

19And you shall speak to him, saying, ‘This is what the Lord says: “Have you murdered and also taken possession?”’ And you shall speak to him, saying, ‘The Lord says this: “In the place where the dogs licked up the blood of Naboth, the dogs will lick up your blood, yours as well.”’”

20Then Ahab said to Elijah, “Have you found me, enemy of mine?” And he answered, “I have found you, because you have given yourself over to do evil in the sight of the Lord.

21Behold, I am bringing disaster upon you, and I will utterly sweep you away, and will eliminate from Ahab every male, both bond and free in Israel;

22and I will make your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, because of the provocation with which you have provoked Me to anger, and because you have misled Israel into sin.

23The Lord has also spoken of Jezebel, saying, ‘The dogs will eat Jezebel in the territory of Jezreel.’

24The one belonging to Ahab, who dies in the city, the dogs will eat; and the one who dies in the field, the birds of the sky will eat.”

25There certainly was no one like Ahab who gave himself over to do evil in the sight of the Lord, because Jezebel his wife incited him.

26He also acted very despicably in following idols, conforming to everything that the Amorites had done, whom the Lord drove out from the sons of Israel.

27Yet it came about, when Ahab heard these words, that he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and fasted, and he lay in sackcloth and went about despondently.

28Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,

29“Do you see how Ahab has humbled himself before Me? Because he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the disaster in his days; I will bring the disaster upon his house in his son’s days.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Ahab covets Naboth's vineyard. (1–4). Naboth murdered by Jezebel. (5–16). Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab. (17–29).

vv1-4

Naboth, perhaps, had been pleased that he had a vineyard situated so near the palace, but the situation proved fatal to him; many a man's possessions have been his snare, and his neighbourhood to greatness, of bad consequence. Discontent is a sin that is its own punishment, and makes men torment themselves. It is a sin that is its own parent; it arises not from the condition, but from the mind: as we find Paul contented in a prison, so Ahab was discontented in a palace. He had all the delights of Canaan, that pleasant land, at command; the wealth of a kingdom, the pleasures of a court, and the honours and powers of a throne; yet all avails him nothing without Naboth's vineyard. Wrong desires expose men to continual vexations, and those that are disposed to fret, however well off, may always find something or other to fret at.

vv5-16

When, instead of a help meet, a man has an agent for Satan, in the form of an artful, unprincipled, yet beloved wife, fatal effects may be expected. Never were more wicked orders given by any prince, than those Jezebel sent to the rulers of Jezreel. Naboth must be murdered under colour of religion. There is no wickedness so vile, so horrid, but religion has sometimes been made a cover for it. Also, it must be done under colour of justice, and with the formalities of legal process. Let us, from this sad story, be amazed at the wickedness of the wicked, and the power of Satan in the children of disobedience. Let us commit the keeping of our lives and comforts to God, for innocence will not always be our security; and let us rejoice in the knowledge that all will be set to rights in the great day.

vv17-29

Blessed Paul complains that he was sold under sin, Ro 7:14, as a poor captive against his will; but Ahab was willing, he sold himself to sin; of choice, and as his own act and deed, he loved the dominion of sin. Jezebel his wife stirred him up to do wickedly. Ahab is reproved, and his sin set before his eyes, by Elijah. That man's condition is very miserable, who has made the word of God his enemy; and very desperate, who reckons the ministers of that word his enemies, because they tell him the truth. Ahab put on the garb and guise of a penitent, yet his heart was unhumbled and unchanged. Ahab's repentance was only what might be seen of men; it was outward only. Let this encourage all that truly repent, and unfeignedly believe the holy gospel, that if a pretending partial penitent shall go to his house reprieved, doubtless, a sincere believing penitent shall go to his house justified.

Cross References

1 Kings 21
v3Leviticus 25:23thematic

Divine law forbidding the permanent sale or alienation of paternal tribal inheritances.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v132 Kings 9:26fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment where the blood of Naboth and his sons is avenged on Ahab's line.

Supported by JFB

v20Romans 7:14thematic

Contrasts Paul being sold under sin against his will with Ahab choosing to sell himself.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Ezekiel 46:18thematic

Prophetic warning against rulers taking the people's inheritance by force or oppression.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Exodus 22:28thematic

Mosaic law prohibiting the blaspheming of God and the cursing of rulers.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v191 Kings 22:38fulfillment

Fulfillment of prophecy where dogs licked Ahab's blood when his chariot was washed.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v232 Kings 9:30-37fulfillment

Direct historical fulfillment of Elijah's prophecy that dogs would eat Jezebel by Jezreel's wall.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v82 Samuel 11:14thematic

Parallel where letters are sent to accomplish a treacherous judicial murder under royal authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v10Leviticus 24:16thematic

Levitical law declaring stoning as the mandatory punishment for blasphemy.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The legal requirement of at least two witnesses to establish a capital charge.

Supported by JFB

v211 Kings 14:10thematic

Identical prophetic judgment of total cut-off pronounced against Jeroboam's dynasty.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v211 Kings 16:3thematic

Identical prophetic judgment of total cut-off pronounced against Baasha's house.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v41 Kings 20:43thematic

Ahab's characteristic sulky behavior of returning 'heavy and displeased' when denied his desires.

Supported by JFB

v201 Kings 21:25thematic

Internal textual explanation that Ahab sold himself to do evil, stirred up by Jezebel.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v251 Kings 16:31thematic

Ahab's marriage to Jezebel which instigated his unprecedented plunge into wickedness.

Supported by Matthew Henry