1 Kings21
English Standard Version
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1 the had a in , the of of .
2 And after this to , me your , that I may have it for a , it is my , and I will you a it; or, it seems to , I will you its in .
3 But to , The Lord that I should you the of my .
4 And his and of the had to him, for he had , I will you the of my . And he his and his and would .
5 But his to him and to him, is your so that you ?
6 And he to her, I to the and to him, me your for , else, it you, I will you another it. And he , I will you my .
7 And his to him, Do you ? and and let your be ; I will you the of the .
8 So she in and them with his , and she the to the and the who with in his .
9 And she in the , a , and at the of the .
10 And him, and let them bring a against him, , You have and the . Then and him to .
11 And the of his , the and the in his , had word to them. it was in the she had to them,
12 they a and at the of the .
13 And the in and him. And the brought a against in the of the , , and the . So they him the and him to with .
14 Then they to , , has been ; he is .
15 As soon as had been and was , to , , of the of the , he to you for , is , .
16 And as soon as was , to to the of the , to of it.
17 Then the of the Lord came to the , ,
18 , to of , is in ; , he is in the of , he has to .
19 And you shall to him, the Lord, Have you and also taken ? And you shall to him, the Lord: In the where the of shall your own .
20 to , Have you me, O my ? He , I have you, you have yourself to what is in the of the Lord.
21 , I will upon you. I will utterly , and will from , or , in .
22 And I will your like the of the of , and like the of the of , for the to you have me, and because you have to .
23 And of the Lord , The shall within the of .
24 Anyone belonging to who in the the shall , and anyone of his who in the open the of the shall .
25 ( There was who himself to what was in the of the Lord like , his .
26 He in , as the had , the Lord cast the of .)
27 And when , he his and on his and and in and about .
28 And the of the Lord came to the , ,
29 Have you how has himself me? he has himself me, I will the in his ; but in his I will the his .
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1 Kings 21Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 21. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ahab covets Naboth's vineyard. (1–4). Naboth murdered by Jezebel. (5–16). Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab. (17–29).
vv1-4
Naboth, perhaps, had been pleased that he had a vineyard situated so near the palace, but the situation proved fatal to him; many a man's possessions have been his snare, and his neighbourhood to greatness, of bad consequence. Discontent is a sin that is its own punishment, and makes men torment themselves. It is a sin that is its own parent; it arises not from the condition, but from the mind: as we find Paul contented in a prison, so Ahab was discontented in a palace. He had all the delights of Canaan, that pleasant land, at command; the wealth of a kingdom, the pleasures of a court, and the honours and powers of a throne; yet all avails him nothing without Naboth's vineyard. Wrong desires expose men to continual vexations, and those that are disposed to fret, however well off, may always find something or other to fret at.
vv5-16
When, instead of a help meet, a man has an agent for Satan, in the form of an artful, unprincipled, yet beloved wife, fatal effects may be expected. Never were more wicked orders given by any prince, than those Jezebel sent to the rulers of Jezreel. Naboth must be murdered under colour of religion. There is no wickedness so vile, so horrid, but religion has sometimes been made a cover for it. Also, it must be done under colour of justice, and with the formalities of legal process. Let us, from this sad story, be amazed at the wickedness of the wicked, and the power of Satan in the children of disobedience. Let us commit the keeping of our lives and comforts to God, for innocence will not always be our security; and let us rejoice in the knowledge that all will be set to rights in the great day.
vv17-29
Blessed Paul complains that he was sold under sin, Ro 7:14, as a poor captive against his will; but Ahab was willing, he sold himself to sin; of choice, and as his own act and deed, he loved the dominion of sin. Jezebel his wife stirred him up to do wickedly. Ahab is reproved, and his sin set before his eyes, by Elijah. That man's condition is very miserable, who has made the word of God his enemy; and very desperate, who reckons the ministers of that word his enemies, because they tell him the truth. Ahab put on the garb and guise of a penitent, yet his heart was unhumbled and unchanged. Ahab's repentance was only what might be seen of men; it was outward only. Let this encourage all that truly repent, and unfeignedly believe the holy gospel, that if a pretending partial penitent shall go to his house reprieved, doubtless, a sincere believing penitent shall go to his house justified.
Key Words
נָבוֹת: Naboth, an Israelite
יִזְרְעֵאלִי: a Jizreelite or native of Jizreel
כֶּרֶם: a garden or vineyard
יִזְרְעֵאל: Jizreel, the name of two places in Palestine and of two Israelites
אֵצֶל: a side; (as a preposition) near
הֵיכָל: a large public building, such as a palace or temple
אַחְאָב: Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at Babylon
מֶלֶךְ: a king
שֹׁמְרוֹן: Shomeron, a place in Palestine
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
Cross References
1 Kings 21Divine law forbidding the permanent sale or alienation of paternal tribal inheritances.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicit fulfillment where the blood of Naboth and his sons is avenged on Ahab's line.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Paul being sold under sin against his will with Ahab choosing to sell himself.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic warning against rulers taking the people's inheritance by force or oppression.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mosaic law prohibiting the blaspheming of God and the cursing of rulers.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of prophecy where dogs licked Ahab's blood when his chariot was washed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct historical fulfillment of Elijah's prophecy that dogs would eat Jezebel by Jezreel's wall.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel where letters are sent to accomplish a treacherous judicial murder under royal authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Levitical law declaring stoning as the mandatory punishment for blasphemy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal requirement of at least two witnesses to establish a capital charge.
Supported by JFB
Identical prophetic judgment of total cut-off pronounced against Jeroboam's dynasty.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Identical prophetic judgment of total cut-off pronounced against Baasha's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Ahab's characteristic sulky behavior of returning 'heavy and displeased' when denied his desires.
Supported by JFB
Internal textual explanation that Ahab sold himself to do evil, stirred up by Jezebel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ahab's marriage to Jezebel which instigated his unprecedented plunge into wickedness.
Supported by Matthew Henry